Blog Archive MBA News The MBA Job Market

Blog Archive MBA News The MBA Job Market For many candidates, the relief of gaining an acceptance is now giving way to concerns over the weak economy.  Bloomberg recently released a list of prominent Wall Street firms and their layoffs during the last nine months, with Citigroup leading the way (6,200) by a significant margin and Lehman Brothers (4,990) and Bank of America (2,940) placing and showing in this rather dubious category. Of course, these stats don’t include the many Bear Stearns layoffs which are undoubtedly imminent. With the writing on the wall, the New York Budget office is predicting that 20,000 more in the financial services industry will get laid off, on top of the 34,000 who have already lost their jobs.   Is it time to panic? Well, according to Business Week, the job situation on campus is not as strong as it once was, but it also not disastrous. As of now, candidates have fewer offers and less room to negotiate, so some are accepting less money. Nonetheless, there are still jobs and there is no news yet of offersbeing rescinded. If you have recently been admitted, The Bear Meltdown Rattles B-Students is certainly worth the read. Share ThisTweet Blogroll News

Essay On Alzheimers - 828 Words

Patients and Caregivers Patients and caregivers who are suffering from Alzheimer’s are seeking ways to relieve their burden and improve their quality of life. An intervention which includes community resources such as, community support groups, adult day care, respite care services and nursing homes can be excellent resources to help people with dementia and enhancing caregiver coping skills; with the early diagnosis, the patients and families can gain benefits to these programs (BrightFocus, 2015). Pharmaceutical Industry The pharmaceutical industry has been working aggressively worldwide to find a cure; over 1,500 clinical trial are currently being done which includes about four hundred medications, just about a quarter of these trial†¦show more content†¦The first and foremost intervention/ response is to develop an international environment of dementia awareness and friendliness and support for dementia caregivers (WHO, 2017). This would be accomplished through various strategies: Dementia-awareness programs, dementia-friendly society, and dementia-awareness campaigns. Dementia awareness campaigns and dementia friendly programs should be tailored to cultural context and the specific needs of a community. Promoting enhanced health and social outcomes that reveals the concerns and preferences of the people with dementia as well as enhance the quality of life for people with dementia, their caregivers, and the broader community. The invention will increase public awareness, acceptance, and co mprehension of dementia and making society environment dementia friendly enable people with dementia to contribute in the community and amplify their autonomy through enhancing social participation. Outcomes In collaboration with people with dementia, their caregivers, the organizations that represent them, the media and other relevant stakeholder such as, organize international, national and local public health and awareness campaigns that are community specific. Also, cultural specific will improve the accuracy of the general public’s knowledge about dementia,Show MoreRelatedEssay On Alzheimers833 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s is a chronic disease that as of 2017 does not have a cure, but there are certain treatment options that can help to reduce one’s AD symptoms. There are drug and non-drug treatments that assist in memory loss, treatment in behavioral changes, treatment for sleep changes, and self care (16). The FDA has approved of two types of medication for memory loss- cholinesterase inhibitors and memanine. Apart from helping lower the symptoms of memory loss, these drugs also assist in helping withRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease1266 Words   |  6 Pages An Exploration of one of the Most Mysterious Diseases nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alzheimer’s disease, named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, is a disease that is on the rise in America and the rest of the world. People should learn as much as they want about this disease, because as you age, your chances of becoming an Alzheimer’s Disease, or AD, patient increases. It is estimated that approximately 3 percent of Americans between the ages of 65 and 74 have the illness, and more than half of all peopleRead More Alzheimers Disease Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pages Alzheimer 1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is inevitable that eventually each of us will grow old and begin to face more and more health problems as our age rises. Elderly people are challenged by many illnesses and diseases that unfortunately, are incurable. One disease that becomes more common as people age is Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s a common cause and a form of dementia and can severely damage a patient’s cognitive functions and can ultimately cause death. Living with Alzheimer’s diseaseRead More Alzheimers Disease Essays1089 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is a complex illness that affects the brain tissue directly and undergoes gradual memory and behavioral changes which makes it difficult to diagnose. It is known to be the most common form of dementia and is irreversible. Over four million older Americans have Alzheimer’s, and that number is expected to triple in the next twenty years as more people live into their eighties and nineties. (Johnson, 1989). There is still no cure for Alzheimer’s but throughoutRead More Alzheimers Disease Essay594 Words   |  3 Pages Alzheimers Disease nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is Alzheimers Disease? The most common form of dementing illness, Alzheimers Disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disease that attacks the brain, causing impaired memory, thinking and behavior. The person with AD may experience confusion, personality and behavior changes, impaired judgment, and difficulty finding words, finishing thoughts or following directions. It eventually leaves its victims incapable of caring for themselves. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;WhatRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers disease1966 Words   |  8 Pagespersonality and behavior, such as anxiety, suspiciousness or aggravation, as well as illusions or hallucinations. Alzheimer’s disease is named after a German doctor, Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer became aware of changes in the brain tissue of a woman who had died of an unusual mental illness. Dr. Alzheimer found irregular clusters and tangled bundles of fibers. Today, these plaques and tangles in the brain are considered signs of Alzheimer’s (Shenk 12-14). Scientists have also foundRead More Alzheimers Disease Essay2706 Words   |  11 Pagesafflicting the elderly community. AD, once thought to be a natural part of aging, is a severely debilitating form of mental dementia. Although some other types of dementia are curable or effectively treatable, there is currently no cure for the Alzheimer variety. A general overview of Alzheimers disease including the clinical description, diagnosis, and progression of symptoms, helps one to further understand the treatment and care of patients, the scope of the problem, and current researchRead More Alzheimers Disease Essay2733 Words   |  11 PagesMemory loss, like old age is a condition which mankind has always reluctantly recognized and always – with resignation. Memory loses are sometimes trivial and meaningless and go unrecognized. However, when these loses are so great that a person does not know who or where they are the concerns are quite grave. Although it is realize that Alzheimers disease destroys the brain memory function, many do not realize precisely how the memory is destroyed once one is aware of the process, it becomesRead More Sundowing And Alzheimers Disease Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;9) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The brain centers that trigger waking and sleeping schedules may be damaged by Alzheimers. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This condition is often harder on the care giver than it is on the persons with Alzheimers. Care givers often find themselves exhausted. The online articles quot;Sundowning and Sleepingquot; and quot;Sundown Syndrome and the Elderlyquot; provide some steps that can be taken to lessen the effects using a coordinated approach by familyRead More Alzheimers Disease, Nursing Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pages Nursing Care and Understanding of Alzheimer Disease Introduction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Loss of memory, forgetfulness, personal change, even death, are common related disorders caused by a disease called Dementia or better known to most people as Alzheimer’s disease. This disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States in persons 65 and older. Alzheimer’s disease is, named for the German neurologist Alois Alzheimer, who first recognized the disease in 1907; Alzheimer’s

Educational Philosophy California Pacific University

Educational Philosophy Roxanne Serna Fresno Pacific University â€Å"Education in the life of present-day knowledge and need calls for some spirited and creative innovations both in substance and the purpose of current pedagogy† ~Anne Sullivan~ â §  Education will always be the primary source of student’s success in the workforce, community, nationwide and globally. Teachers carry the weight of ensuring students are learning what is required to become productive members of society. As a teacher, the success of my students is the most important goal. There are so many pedagogies, philosophies, strategies, and materials teachers are able to use to be productive in the classroom. Every teacher has their own preferred†¦show more content†¦My philosophy of education is to ensure the dynamics of the classroom providing continued support to ensure a positive learning environment, while providing instruction for all learners and to inspire my students to be productive members of society. A classroom is where students spend their days, Monday through Friday. I want to create a classroom that provides structure for my students. Organization of the classroom will allow the students to have access to any and all instruction and materials. According to Linsin, (2010), â€Å"A classroom management plan is a contract that you make with your students that promises you will protect their rights to learn and enjoy school without interference,† (date). Creating classroom rules with the entire class gives students a sense of empowerment, thus felling more at liberty to follow the rules â€Å"they† created. Often times when there are too many rules in place students can feel overwhelmed with expectations â€Å"they† feel they may not meet. In my classroom I do believe rules to follow are important, but believe that goals are far more important for my students. When there are too many distractions in a class, students are less likely to focus on what is being taught. Distractions cause behaviors in the classroom, limiting classroom instruction. It is my goal to ensure that students are receiving and understanding each lesson or topic. In order to provide this for my students, I will

Bipolar Depression A Common And Serious Mental Disorder

One minute she was happy, smiling, and laughing, but then out of know where, 20 minutes later, she is upset, crying, and saying there is no point to life. Bipolar depression otherwise known as manic depression, is a very common and serious mental disorder. The disorder can be caused by how the brain is wired and how it is functioning. The disorder is not a male or female dominate disorder, just as many men as women have the disorder. There are three different types of bipolar disorder. They are Bipolar 1 which is severe mood swings, Bipolar 2 which is the same as bipolar 1 but it is less severe, cyclothymic disorder which is the mildest form of bipolar disorder. There is a difference in these three types, the symptoms can be different, the†¦show more content†¦Another symptom is little to no sleep or if you have the depressive state of bipolar then it would be the opposite, you have extreme fatigue. (Bipolar Disorder) Extreme mood swings are also a symptom, one minute the pe rson can be happy and laughing the next they can be mad and yelling, they can go from any mood to the exact opposite just moments later. Racing thoughts and racing speech are also very common symptoms, this is when your thoughts are moving too quickly for your mouth to keep up or the other way around. (Burgess) This can cause a person to become confused and aggravated. The symptoms may vary on what type of bipolar you have. (Bipolar Disorder) (Drugs and Medication Search)If you are in the depressive state of bipolar then your symptoms may include sadness, fatigue, and change in appetite. Or pessimism which is a state of having a negative outlook on life, which can cause suicidal thoughts or behavior. The severity of the symptoms varies with everyone because everyone’s brain is unique. In women with the disorder they experience more rapid crying and more severe depression than most men do. There are many things that can make the disorder more severe such as pregnancy, the use of drugs, alcohol, sleep patterns, energy level, sex drive, self-esteem, and concentration. Treatment There is no cure disorder, but there are treatment options. Since the brain functions differently in

Accounting Financial Analysis Report Wesfarmers

Question: Compare current assets and current liabilities as shown on the balance sheet and comment on the short-terms solvency of the company. Compare current assets and current liabilities as shown on the balance sheet and comment on the short-terms solvency of the company. Answer: Wesfarmers is one of the best companies in Australia. To answer this question, the consolidate balance sheet of the company for the year ended 30th June, 2016 has been considered. This balance sheet has the amounts of current liabilities and current assets for the year 2016 and 2015. The comparison is shown under: Current Assets Particulars 2016 ($m) 2015 ($m) Cash and cash equivalent Receivable Trade Others Receivables Finance Advances Loans Inventories Derivatives Others 611 1,628 835 6,260 54 296 711 1463 806 5,497 428 188 Total 9,684 9,093 As per the above list, the total amount indicates that there is an increase in current assets in 2016 than 2015. However, there are increases and decreases in items of the current assets. The amount of cash has increased in 2016. It indicates that the company has cash to pay the daily obligations of the business. Trade receivables and other receivables have also increases in 2016. The increase in receivable is an indicator of increase in sales. There is also increase in the loan and advances as well as in Inventories. However, the amount of derivatives has decreased in 2016. Other current assets have increased by a large margin (Agbada and Osuji 2013). Current Liabilities Particulars 2016 ($m) 2015 ($m) Trade and Other Payable Interest Bearing Loans and Borrowings Income Tax Payable Provisions Derivatives Other 6,491 1,632 29 1,861 160 251 5,761 1,913 64 1,605 142 241 Total 10,424 9,726 According to the latest balance sheet, most of the items in current liabilities have increased. Trade and other payables have increased by a fair amount which indicates that the company use to give a lot of credits to the customers. However, the company has been successful to decrease the amount of loans and borrowings in 2016. This will help to decrease the amount of interest payable in 2016. Income tax payable has decreased in 2016. On the other hand, provisions, derivatives and other current liabilities have increased significantly (www.wesfarmers.com.au 2016). According to Adrian (2015), short term solvency of a company refers to the ability of the company to meet the daily obligations of the business. It means that the amount of current assets should be more than the amount of current liabilities. Only then the company will be able to meet the daily obligations. As per the current balance sheet, both the total of current assets and current liabilities has increased in 2016 than 2015. The matter of concern is that in 2016, current liabilities are more than current assets. However, in 2015, the situation was much better as the total current assets were more than the total current liabilities. This situation indicates that the solvency position was better in 2015 than 2016. It shows that Wesfarmers is not fully able to meet the daily obligations of the business. That means the solvency position of Wesfarmers is not good. Thus, the company needs to take corrective measures to recover from this position (Pierret 2015). References Adrian, T., 2015. Discussion of Systemic Risk and the Solvency-Liquidity Nexus of Banks.FRB of New York Working Paper No. FEDNSR722. Agbada, A.O. and Osuji, C.C., 2013. The efficacy of liquidity management and banking performance in Nigeria.International review of management and business research,2(1), pp.223-233. Pierret, D., 2015. Systemic risk and the solvency-liquidity nexus of banks.Available at SSRN 2346606. wesfarmers.com.au. (2016).docs/default-source/reports/2016-annual-report.pdf. [online] Available at: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/docs/default-source/reports/2016-annual-report.pdf [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016].

Chocolate War By Cormier Essays (1303 words) - The Chocolate War

Chocolate War By Cormier " Do I dare disturb the universe"(172). With these words Robert Cormier clearly shows his purpose for writing The Chocolate War. He writes it to give insight into the consequences of standing up for what you believe in. Through his portrayal of characters, and plot, Robert Cormier achieves his purpose. Cormier shows what happens to Jerry Renault and his protagonist Archie Costello. Through The Chocolate War Robert Cormier clearly shows his feelings towards conformity and the abuse of power. The Chocolate War focuses on a freshmen named Jerry Renault, and his problems at Trinity. Trinity is a prestigious school run by Brother Leon, the school headmaster. Brother Leon runs a school chocolate sale every year in the fall and it usually lasts about two months. The vigils are a secret group at Trinity led by Archie Costello. When Jerry refuses to participate in the school chocolate sale the Vigils take offense. As a result the Vigils psychologically and physically destroy Jerry Renault. Because of Jerry's refusal to conform he gets beaten by the school bully. Robert Cormier shows the consequences of standing up for what you believe in and his feelings towards conformity through his great use of character and plot. One way in which Cormier achieves his purpose is through his excellent portrayal of character. Through the characters of the novel Cormier sets up the protagonist and the antagonist to make an interesting novel. Cormier's description of his characters sets up a vivid image of the character and also helps the reader to identify with the character. The main character in The Chocolate War is Jerry Renault. Jerry is the unfortunate young adult who suffers the consequences of standing up for what he believes in. Every morning Brother Leon would read the roll call off and every morning Jerry would reply "NO"(67). Cormier uses Jerry as the victim of the story, who gets harassed over and over again. He is described as "Poor Renault"(86). Cormier makes the reader feel sympathy for Jerry Renault and makes it so the reader can identify with the suffering that Jerry is being confronted with. We are made aware that Jerry's Constant refusal to conform gets him nothing but trouble. Through Jerry, Cormier portrays his feelings towards standing up for what you believe in and the consequences of what you might suffer to do that. Perhaps the most insidious and evil character of them all is Archie Costello. Archie is the assigner of the vigils and was considered very powerful. He plays mind games with people instead of using physical means. People say " keep Archie happy, when Archie's happy, we're all happy"(14). Cormier uses Archie as the antagonist of the story. Archie gloats on his reputation and abuses his power at Trinity. He sometimes stays up all night thinking up assignments. "Archie has influence" which he could use over the school and against Jerry Renault(26). Cormier uses Archie Costello as the cause of Jerry Renault's suffering for standing up for what he believes in. Another character in The Chocolate War who makes Jerry suffer is Brother Leon. Brother Leon abuses his power as the headmaster of the school. Brother Leon is running the school chocolate sale and will do anything to ensure it's success. Brother Leon invested a large sum of money in the chocolates and feels this is the only way for the school to make money. To ensure it's success Brother Leon asks the Vigils to help " By getting behind the sale"(25). Brother Leon finally convinces Archie Costello to get the Vigils to help. Archie says " The vigils will help"(27). Robert Cormier does an excellent job of using character to show his purpose for writing The Chocolate War. He uses very realistic characters that are very easy to relate with especially easy for teen readers. Cormier's books are very stirring, "...probably because his novels are among the relatively few that combine a frank examination of the values and decisions that trouble adolescents..."(256) Another way Cormier achieves his purpose is through plot. Cormier makes the plot so the reader can identify with what is happening. Cormier uses the plot to show the consequences of standing up for what you believe in and to show his feelings towards conformity. Cormier also uses vivid detail throughout the plot to let the reader know what is happening. The plot of The Chocolate War is centered around a boy named Jerry Renault. Jerry is attending his first year at Trinity Prep. High School. His first year becomes a horrible year for

Ntpc Ltd The WritePass Journal

Ntpc Ltd Conclusion Ntpc Ltd   Executive summary2. Statement of purpose3. Introduction3.1What is Human Resource?3.2 Human resource management (HRM) in an organizationIn simple words it can also be defined as   administrative   activities  associated  with  human resources  planning,  recruitment,  selection,  orientation,  training,  appraisal,  motivation,  remuneration, etc. HRM  aims  at developing people through  work. 3.3 Strategy and Human Resource4. Main body4.1COMPANY PROFILE- NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED (NTPC)CORE VALUES (B-COMIT):CORPORATE OBJECTIVES:VISION 2017: 4.2 JOB SATISFACTION AND ITS IMPORTANCE4.3 APPROACHES TO STUDY JOB SATISFACTION4.4   JOB SATISFACTION AT NTPC4.5   FACTORS INFLUENCING JOB SATISFACTION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Communication-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Culture-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leadership-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Working condition-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rewards and recognition-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Superior –subordinate relationship-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Training-5  THEORIES ON JOB SATISFACTIOn  5.1HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY5.2 MASLOW’S HIERACHY OF NEEDS5.3 ERG Theory6 Method of collecting dataConclusion8  Ã‚  Main ObservationsCommunication- Culture-LeadershipOpportunities-Job design-Working condition-Training- Rewards and recognition-Superior- subordinate relationship-Team work- RecommendationReferencesRelated   Executive summary The company’s most valuable assets are its people, based in all concerns of the country. Organizations invest in measuring employee opinions and attitudes by incorporating employee satisfaction survey. NTPC ltd had introduced a frequent and continuous employee feedback processes so as to retain and develop their most valuable assets. The world of business has changed rapidly and the limitations of the markets are not restricted only to regional or national but have now reached on international level. The business world has changed rapidly towards progression and shall continue to do so as technology becomes more advanced and available. Since the world has changed so much it is important that every organization and system must also adapt itself to new trends such as globalization, in order to survive the rough competition. Job satisfaction is often related to having positive feelings regarding the job and is of great concern to both .the employers and the employee as it is directly related to organizational behavior. NTPC has always invested a lot of training and development with other various benefits due to which its has a very loyal staff who would not want to quit the job. The HR department has the freedom to adapt any HR practices to make sure that the employees needs are fully understood and take care of. It also has policies to pay the medical expenses of the employees and immediate family members even after retirement. The top 5 important factors that were found to give a sense of job satisfaction were- Communication, Culture, Leadership, Opportunities and job content The least 5 important factors that were found to   give a sense of job satisfaction were- Rewards and recognition, Working conditions,Superior–subordinate, Team work and Job design The productivity from the employees as a team can still full utilized by reducing the communication gap between the different levels of management and facilitating better training and development to increase decision making accuracy. Job rotation and role play will break the boredom and make the job more challenging, good work in the team shall always be appreciated to set an example for other teams that hard work will give reward and recognition. The work environment shall be as enjoyable as possible to express views and ideas 2. Statement of purpose The purpose of the study was to analyse the job satisfaction level at NTPC ltd. It throws a light on overall job satisfaction levels. It address the following objectives- à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Study the overall job satisfaction reported by the employees at NTPC ltd. à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Determine the factors that motivates employees to perform better in their respective area of work in order to achieve high level of satisfaction à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To obtain information relating to current policies and procedures exercised in the organization and understand present organizational climate. à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To conduct a survey by interviews on employee satisfaction. à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To evaluate different parameters of employee satisfaction and develop an importance satisfaction model. à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study was also targeted to determine motivating factors which form an integral part of employee satisfaction. 3. Introduction 3.1What is Human Resource? The world of business has changed rapidly   and   the limitations of the markets are not restricted to     regional or national   but has now reached on international level.   The technological progress has made the business around the world easier and has encouraged competition to get maximum utilization from resources and improve its efficiency and effectiveness. The business world has changed rapidly towards progression and shall continue to do so as technology becomes more advanced and available. Since the world has changed so much it is important that every organization and system must also adapt itself to new trends such as globalization, in order to survive the rough competition. Efficiency in business is very important for its long-term existence. Maximum utilization of resources is the main challenge that every organization needs to keep up with.   It shall preserve its investment in manpower and technology to continue providing its services to customers, employees and partners. In order to achieve this human resource management is crucial for every organization 3.2 Human resource management (HRM) in an organization People employed by a company are termed Human resource, they are the most important, valuable and expensive resource in almost every company.   Companies require raw material to manufacture goods, computer systems to store business data and machines to facilitate the process of production. However, without people to sell the products, generate a new business idea, and interpret business information and to ensure maximum utilization of resources, in such situation the company would probably cease to exist. The term ‘Human resource management’ and ‘Human resource’ have largely replaced the term of personnel management which is involved in managing people in an organization. in simple term HRM means employing people, developing and improving their capacities, utilizing their skills, compensating and maintaining their services in tune with the organizational requirement and job Human Resource Management (HRM) is the organizational function that deals with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration, and training. In simple words it can also be defined as   administrative   activities  associated  with  human resources  planning,  recruitment,  selection,  orientation,  training,  appraisal,  motivation,  remuneration, etc. HRM  aims  at developing people through  work. 3.3 Strategy and Human Resource The SHRM literature is rooted in ‘manpower’ (sic) planning, but it was the work of Inï ¬â€šuential management gurus (for example Ouchi, 1981; Peters Waterman, 1982), affirming the importance of the effective management of people as a source of Competitive advantage, that encouraged academics to develop frameworks emphasizing the strategic role of the HR function (for example Beer et al., 1985; Fombrun etal., 1984) and attaching the preï ¬ x ‘strategic’ to the term ‘human resource management’. Interest among academics and practitioners in linking the strategy concept to HRM can be explained from both the ‘rational choice’ and the ‘constituency-based’ perspective. There is a managerial logic in focusing attention on people’s skills and intellectual assets to provide a major competitive advantage when technological superiority, even once achieved, will quickly erode (Barney, 1991; Pfeffer, 1994, 1998a). From a à ¢â‚¬Ëœconstituency-based’ perspective, it is argued that HR academics and HR practitioners have embraced SHRM as a means of securing greater respect for HRM as a field of study and, in the case of HR managers, of appearing more ‘strategic’, thereby enhancing their status within organizations (Bamberger Meshoulam, 2000; Pfeffer Salancik, 1977; Powell DiMaggio, 1991; Purcell Ahlstrand, 1994; Whipp, 1999). Strategic HRM can be regarded as a general approach to the strategic management of human resources in accordance with the intentions of the organization on the future direction it wants to take. It is concerned with longer-term people issues and macro-concerns about structure, quality, culture, values, commitment and matching resources to future need. It has been defined as: All those activities affecting the behavior of individuals in their efforts to formulate and implement the strategic needs of business The pattern of planned human resource deployments and activities intended to enable the forms to achieve its goals. Strategic HRM can encompass a number of HR strategies. There may be strategies to deliver fair and equitable reward, to improve performance or to streamline structure. However, these strategies are not strategic HRM. Strategic HRM is the overall framework which determines the shape and delivery of the individual strategies. 4. Main body 4.1COMPANY PROFILE- NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED (NTPC) ‘’SANKALP SHUDDHA HI SIDDHA’’ (If your intentions are pure, you are bound to succeed in letter and spirit)         Shri Arup Roy Choudhury(Chairman NTPC) VISION- ‘’to be the world’s largest and best power producer, powering India’s growth to become an integrated power commanding height with total   power value chain’’ MISSION-‘’ â€Å"Develop and provide reliable power, related products and services at competitive prices, integrating multiple energy sources with innovative and eco-friendly technologies and contribute to society.† CORE VALUES (B-COMIT): à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Business Ethics à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Customer Focus à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organizational Professional Pride à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mutual Respect Trust à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Innovation and Speed à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Total Quality for Excellence CORPORATE OBJECTIVES: à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Improved Business Portfolio Growth à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steady Customer Focus à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Performance Leadership à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Human Resource Development VISION 2017: à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To be a 75000 MW plus company à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To rank in Fortune 500 company à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversified Business Portfolio (Hydro, Nuclear Distribution, Trading, Coal Mining and washries) à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Top Indian MNC à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Group of over Rs. 1,40,000 crore with about 30,000 employees à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leading Corporate Citizen HR VISION: â€Å"To enable our people to be a family of committed world class professional.† SOME FACTS ABOUT NTPC à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Third largest thermal power company in the world, second largest in Asia largest in India. à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Incorporated   on November 7, 1975 under companies act as a private limited ,which was later changed to ‘Public limited’ September 30th 1976 à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The name NTPC Ltd. is given in 28th October 2005 à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Areas NTPC thinking to diversify in: v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equipment Manufacturing v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Power Trading v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Power Distribution v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over Seas v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gas v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Coal Mining v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hydro Power v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thermal Power à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First challenge is to get the people to deliver. à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First plant of 200MW was set up in Singrauli unit. à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2001 the nomenclature for industrial relation has to change to employee relation. à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   IN 1984, received a world bank loan of US $150 million through government of India (GOI) à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2009, enters memorandum of   understanding (MOU) with Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd(NPCIL) to work together for development of nuclear power inIndia à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   NTPC inks JV agreement with SAIL, RINL, COALINDIAand NMDC. BADARPUR THERMAL POWER STATION (BTPS) The Badarpur Thermal Power Plant is a coal-based power plant situated at  Badarpur  in  Delhi. Beginning its power generation in 1973, this plant generates an average of 705 MW of power from its 5 units annually. The coal for the power generation is taken from Jharia Coal Fields and water from Agra Canal. This power plant is owned and operated by National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC), the largest thermal power generating company of India. The idea behind creating BTPS was to provide a backup for the generation of hydro power in the northern region. Delhi was the sole beneficiary of the power generated from this station from 1st April 1987(see Diagram 2) 4.2 JOB SATISFACTION AND ITS IMPORTANCE Job satisfaction is defined as the extent to which people like (satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs (Spector, 1997, p. 2). This definition suggests job satisfaction is a general or global affective reaction that individuals hold about their job. While researchers and practitioners most often measure global job satisfaction, there is also interest in measuring different facets or dimensions of satisfaction. Examination of these facet conditions is often useful for a more careful examination of employee satisfaction with critical job factors. Traditional job satisfaction facets include: co-workers, pay, job conditions, supervision, nature of the work and benefits.  (Williams) Job satisfaction is a set of favorable or unfavorable feelings with which the employees rate their work. 4.3 APPROACHES TO STUDY JOB SATISFACTION THE 2 APPROACHES TO STUDY JOB SATISFACTION ARE- GLOBAL APPROACH:   it relates to job satisfaction as single, overall feeling towards towards   job FACET APPROACH: it relates to different aspects of job such as   nature of work, condition of work, rewards, people at work, etc In this case we shall be using the facet approach as it gives a complete picture of job satisfaction. It depends on how an individual prioritizes his satisfaction levels. He might be very satisfied with the fringe benefits but at the same time be dissatisfied with the conditions at work and superiors (see Diagram 3) EFFECTS OF JOB SATISFACTION The 5 main effects of job satisfaction are-      I.   Ã‚  Performance-  Ã‚   performance of an individual at job depends on 2 opposite situations. First, as we now know that satisfaction is related to performance, people who enjoy their job work harder which leads to them performing better. Second, people who feel satisfied by performing better II.      Absenteeism-   an individual would try to avoid being absent from work if he is a satisfied person with positive outlook but this also does not mean that highly satisfied people would not be absent. A study showed that managers were the most satisfied workers followed by the technical staff. Workers who have a record of being absent have a sense of insecurity and negative outlook towards their job, also lacking motivation III.      Ã‚  Employee grievances and health- passive aggression and complaints are associated with high level of dissatisfaction amongst the workers. Poor management practices and unfair means of treatment at work lead to health issues and   brings a sense of negative attitude towards the industry IV.         Turnover- there is no evidence that satisfaction leads to increase in the turnover but it does help. An employee’s does not quit only because he is dissatisfied but there can be various other factors like- better opportunities elsewhere, better management practices and pay security# V.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Goodwill- when an organization has strong value in the market, it attracts young and dynamic entrants towards the company. Which is beneficial to both , the company by having talented people to choose from and the employees are satisfied to work for a company having high market standing and fair employee treatment policy (See Diagram 4) 4.4   JOB SATISFACTION AT NTPC Job satisfaction is a positive feeling about ones jobs from an evaluation of its characteristics. It is related more with the attitude of the person rather than behaviour. It is logical that a person with positive attitude will be more satisfied than a person with negative attitude towards work and the organization. Employees are the internal customer of any organization and are willing to participate in the business to accomplish business goals.   Companies that set high level   of work standards for their employees, sharpen their skills and knowledge through training and development. A satisfied and motivated employee’s proves to have a positive influence on the organizational performance. The HR process helps to establish frequent and consistent feedback communication between them which helps them to retain the most valued asset of the company- THE EMPLOYEES. NTPC has always invested a lot of training and development with other various benefits due to which its has a very loyal staff who would not want to quit the job. The HR department has the freedom to adapt any HR practices to make sure that the employees needs are fully understood and take care of. It also has policies to pay the medical expenses of the employees and immediate family members even after retirement. This extra step that the company has taken to show consideration towards its employees has proved to have a maximum retention rate throughout the lifetime of the company. Allowing workers to participate in management schemes where they can contribute their inputs about improving the standard of services has also been a scheme adopted by NTPC. Various schemes to improve the relation and understanding between employee and company have been exercised namely- à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Encouraging participation in management activities à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Developing better HR policies to improve the communication between the employees and the company à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Improving the levels of productivity , efficiency, knowledge and skills through regular training and development à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Encouraging the maximum utilization of resources and reducing wastage à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Promoting better communication within all levels of the organization à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Support the employees in developing   the techniques and process of   sensible decision making This priceless investment of the company management would be fruitful in à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Boosting the morale of the employees à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Flexible in receiving support from management à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lifelong loyalty and commitment à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Greater sense of contribution and involvement 4.5   FACTORS INFLUENCING JOB SATISFACTION As we have learnt previously about the extrinsic factors that affect job satisfaction from the diagrma 3, we shall now throw light on other important factors such as-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Communication- Good communication gets the job done but Great communication is even more important for on organization that strives to achieve its goals and retain its employees. Satisfaction is related to clear communication on personal as well as organizational level as it motivates and stimulates the employee to perform better. Lack of communication can cause a lot of destruction to the image of the company resulting in low morale and loss on individual contribution in organizational productivity. Hence a clear communication shall be practised within all the level of the company, form the board of directors to the employees who represents the organization in front of the public   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Culture- A collection of norms and values that are shared within the organization and also to interact with people outside the company compromises of organizational culture. It is the responsibility of every employee to impose the values and standards of behaviour that reflect the objective of the organization.   Habits prejudice and tradition that form human behaviour has a positive relation with culture. How employees view their organisational responsibility depends on how the culture has been set within the company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leadership- Its is the ability to influence an individual or a group towards achieving a set of goals. In most cases a good leader ensures that the employees are satisfied as they motivate and encourage their employees to perform well and   achieve set targets. Great communication is a must for a leader who want to make sure that the vision of the organization is achieved by collective efforts and inputs of the team rather than just a few doing all the hard work. Leadership is multi skilled and it is not necessary that all managers can prove to be good leaders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Working condition- The provision of good workplace and well organised workspace is essential for employee satisfaction. These conditions shall influence and motivate the employees to share positive opinions with others as well as take constructive and honest feedback. An ideal working condition should be free from destructive criticism, harassment, bias judgments in order to improve and increase overall efficiency   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rewards and recognition- Employees feel a sense of satisfaction when there is transparency in being paid fairly for the work done by them. They want the promotional policies to be just and not bias and in line with their expectations. Money   is not the only factor for satisfaction but is one of the essential   element that motivates them to perform better and earn more. There are others who do not seek money and are happy to receive lower pay or a less demanding job, for such employees what matters is the freedom they get to complete the given task in their own methods and the recognition they get for it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Superior –subordinate relationship- The relationship between the superior and the subordinates is of trust, respect, friendship and warmth and it is essential for both to have a positive attitude towards each other to increase productivity at work. This would result in having constructive interaction with superiors and fulfil employee functional and interpersonal need   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Training- Every organization shall involve its employees in regular  Ã‚   learning process to sharpen their skills, concepts and knowledge so they can get better at decision making process, as the attitude and behaviour keeps changing rapidly , regular training shall ensure that they are tuned with the mindset   and vision of the organization 5  THEORIES ON JOB SATISFACTIOn   5.1HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY In the late 1950s Frederick Herzberg, was considered to be a   pioneer in motivation theory,   he interviewed a group of employees to find out what made them satisfied and dissatisfied on the job. He asked the employees essentially two sets of questions: Think of a time when you felt especially good about your job. Why did you feel that way? Think of a time when you felt especially bad about your job. Why did you feel that way? From these interviews Hertzberg went on to develop his theory that there are two dimensions to job satisfaction: ‘’motivation and hygiene†. (See Diagram 5) Hygiene factors cannot motivate employees but can help in reduces the dissatisfaction, if handled properly. It is a topic that includes company politics, salary, supervision, working condition and interpersonal relations which help in decreasing dissatisfaction amongst the employees. Whereas, Motivators are responsible for creating satisfaction by fulfilling individual needs. It focuses more on achievement, recognition and responsibility. It helps in making the employee’s more creative and committed towards work. Herzberg said ‘once the hygiene factors are addressed, the motivators will promote satisfaction and increase production 5.2 MASLOW’S HIERACHY OF NEEDS Abraham Maslow developed a model in which basic low level needs such as psychological requirements and safety must be satisfied before higher level needs such as need for self fulfillment (Robbins, 2005). According to this model when a need is satisfied it is no   longer a motivating factor and the next higher need takes its place ( See diagram 6) 5.3 ERG Theory Clayton Alderfer has showed three distinguishing categories of human needs that have influence on employee’s behavior, growth and relatedness These categories are: Existence needs: Psychological and safety needs Relatedness needs: Social and external needs Growth needs: Internal needs and self actualization According to ERG theory the order of these needs may vary from individual to individual. Managers must realize that there may be a possibility to fulfill multiple needs at the same time, this view contradicts Maslow’s view; his model proceeds from the most basic (bottom) to most complex(top) needs in an order and is same for all individuals. According to ERG theory it may not be effective to focus at only one need at a time. The theory suggests that if a higher need is not fulfilled than an individual may choose to fulfill a lower level need that appears to satisfy- this stage is known as the frustration regression principle. For example if the employee is not provided with growth opportunities than he may regress to relatedness needs and start socializing with co-workers. But corrective measures are taken in time by the management   to satisfy frustration needs than it will bring the employee back on track to pursue achieving goals (Robbins,2005)  Ã‚   (See Diagram 7) 6 Method of collecting data To find out the job satisfaction level in the organization, I had randomly interviewed 12 people through chat rooms and telephone conversations, who were from different departments of the company (Executives and Non-Executive). The 10 different sections that I use for evaluated the job satisfaction were- à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Job content à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reward and recognition à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Communication à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Opportunities à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Working conditions à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Superior subordinate à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teamwork à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Culture à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   leadership à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   job design The above sections were asked to be rated between 1 to 5 scale, where 1 being most satisfied and 5 being least satisfied Conclusion The top 5 important factors that were found to give a sense of job satisfaction were- à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Communication à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Culture à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leadership à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Opportunities à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   job content The least   5 important factors that were found to   give a sense of job satisfaction were- à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rewards and recognition à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Working conditions à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Superior subordinate à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Team work à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Job design 8  Ã‚  Main Observations Communication- it was observed that the communication system adapted by NTPC was not much effective and there is not been clarity of communication exercised . certain percentage of employees were not aware of the latest news and development within the company Culture- This showed a very mixed response as some had an extrovert personality to share information but there were also some introverts who were still to open up and be comfortable to participate   in discussing issues Leadership It is not possible to satisfy everyone in the organisation and the same scenario is seen here, there were lot of delays seen in decision making process, which showed that they were not happy with their current leaders. Opportunities- The HR policy is ‘Grow your own timber’ and NTPC has lived up to is policy by providing multiple opportunities to its employees to grow and develop their skills. Its provides enough freedom at work and time to be with their families Job design- There was lack of clarity in the design due to which there was confusion among the employees as to what is exactly expected from them. Due to this employees were dissatisfied with current job design Working condition- There is no doubt that is has a good working environment, but the conditions were not found to be satisfactory with regards to health and safety. As employees are asset of any organization , a lot of work will need to be done in condition department Training- This department needs to be worked on as the employees feel that the training is not sufficient to improve their productivity levels and there are some loopholes that still need to be fixed in order for the training to be more effective and   in line with the job Rewards and recognition- The contributions of the employees are been appreciated and praised by the superior which gives them a sense of satisfaction and encouragement to perform better . good works lead to good chances of promotion at NTPC Superior- subordinate relationship- There is a professional yet friendly atmosphere at work amongst the senior and juniors. There is a sense of fair treatment within the employee’s and can be improved. Work issues are handles with great concern Team work- At NTPC teamwork is encouraged and contribution of every team member is essential to accomplish the task. There is a sense of trust and freedom within the employees Recommendation To achieve high rate of job satisfaction- à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Offer greater opportunities for training and development , contribute constructive feedback à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More powers shall be given to team members to ease decision making process à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Job shall be made more challenging by encouraging job rotation and role play à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Encourage creativity within workplace to improve productivity à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sufficient freedom shall be given to complete the task at their own pace but with   given time limits à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Praise the employees for their extra contribution as it gives them a sense of belonging and importance à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Encourage bonding and clear communication between managers and employees à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creating of a work environment that is enjoyable , trusting, and challenging to work in à ¼Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The success of individual, department or company shall be celebrated to create an example   of how great teamwork and productivity results References 1.ARMSTRONG, M and BARON, A. 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