Hamlet Love for Ophelia Essay - 759 Words

Hamlets Love For Ophelia Although the play Hamlet was written nearly 450 years ago by William Shakespeare, scholars still pose the question, â€Å"Did Hamlet really love Ophelia?† I believe Hamlet had feelings for Ophelia, but he never demonstrated true love for her. Several times in the play Hamlet denies his love for Ophelia. If he truly loved her, he would not want to hurt her. When Hamlet accidently killed Polonius, he did not try to console Ophelia. If he truly loved her, he would have been at her side to provide comfort in her time of grief. Even at Ophelia’s funeral, he did not profess his love for Ophelia. If he truly loved her, he would have proclaimed his love for her to those present at the funeral. Hamlet’s actions prove that he†¦show more content†¦Not only is he pleased with the fact he has killed Polonius, but he also hides the body so there can be no proper burial for Polonius. If he truly loved Ophelia, he would want to express sorrow for her loss and support he r through her grief. The death of Ophelia’s father causes her to go mad and she never recovers from the loss. Ultimately, she drowns in the brook, possibly committing suicide. Hamlet never goes to Ophelia to comfort her even though her actions indicate she is loosing her sanity. He leaves for England, at the urging of Claudius, rather than stay in Denmark where he could have monitored the health of Ophelia. If Hamlet truly loved Ophelia, he would have been there for her in her time of need. In the final act Hamlet is at the graveyard when he learns of Ophelia’s death. He is speaking with a gravedigger when Claudius enters with Gertrude, Laertes, a priest, mourners and a coffin. Hamlet hears Laertes voice and realizes he is speaking of Ophelia and it is her funeral. Hamlet enters the scene and jumps into Ophelia’s grave. Laertes proclaims’ â€Å"The devil take thy soul,† and he grapples with Hamlet. It is at this point Hamlet declares his love for Ophelia. â€Å"I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers could not with all their quantity of love make up my sum. What wilt thou do for her?† Hamlet only expresses his love for Ophelia after fighting with Laertes. He is trying to out do Laertes with his show of emotion. Even his mother is notShow MoreRelatedHamlet - the Love of Hamlet for Ophelia Essay examples1609 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet is without any reservations, one of Shakespeares most mystifying plays. Although the play has a conc ise story, it is filled with many uncertainties relating to different issues behind the plot. The reader is left with many uncertainties about the true feelings of prince Hamlet. One question in particular is, did Hamlet really love Ophelia? This dispute can be reinforced either way, however I believe Hamlet was truly in love with Ophelia. Support for my decision comes from Hamlets treatmentRead More The Love Of Hamlet For Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesThe Love Of Hamlet For Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet is without any reservations, one of Shakespeares most mystifying plays. Although the play has a concise story, it is filled with many uncertainties relating to different issues behind the plot. The reader is left with many uncertainties about the true feelings of prince Hamlet. One question in particular is, did Hamlet really love Ophelia? This dispute can be reinforced either way, however I believe Hamlet was truly in love withRead MoreDid Hamlet Love Ophelia Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesSandoval 1 Professor: Jamie F. Wheeler ENGL 1302.S17 Date 2/4/12 Did Hamlet Love Ophelia? Although some scholars argue that Hamlet has a concise story, it is filled with many uncertainties relating to Hamlet. One of which is Hamlet love for Ophelia, despite some argue otherwise, the evidence provides that the Prince truly did love Ophelia. The word â€Å"love† is a powerful one, both in real life, and in Shakespeares play Hamlet. It is often a confusing concept, made even harder to grasp when oneRead MoreDoes Hamlet Love Ophelia Analysis1193 Words   |  5 Pagesplays of love tragedies. Among these love tragedies is the story of Hamlet. Hamlet revolves around love and madness. In the play, madness did overpower love, especially between Hamlet and Ophelia’s relationship. In the play, there have been many questions about whether Hamlet did love Ophelia. There’s evidence arguing Hamlet never loved Ophelia by the way he acts towards her throughout the play, but by the way he acts around Ophelia when he was alone with her, he really did love her. When Hamlet findsRead MoreDoes Hamlet Truly Love Ophelia957 Words   |  4 PagesDoes Hamlet Truly love Ophelia? In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, many arguments have been argued as to whether or not Hamlet is really in love with Ophelia. I believe that there is a lot of evidence arguing that Hamlet never loved Ophelia and that he was just using her. By the way he acts around Ophelia when he is alone with her, he shows that his feelings for her are true. Hamlet shows throughout the play that he is really in love with Ophelia. One piece of evidence showing that Hamlet reallyRead MoreDoes Hamlet Love Ophelia Essay976 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ophelia was born in a time where women were viewed as personal property to men. They grew up being taught to knit and to make quilts, to serve their man, but never to read, or write. But with Ophelia not having a mother to teach and to guide her on what to do and how to handle the men of her time; Her judgement was a little off when it comes to knowing if someone was being authentic. So the question is, did Hamlet actually really love her? With his actions and words, was Ophelia simply livingRead MoreDoes Hamlet Love Ophelia Analysis1111 Words   |  5 Pagesargue that Hamlet has a concise story, it is filled with many unknowns relating to Hamlet. One of which is Hamlets love for Ophelia, despite some arguments against it, the evidence proves that the Prince truly did love Ophelia. The word â€Å"love† is a powerful one, both in real life, and in Shake speare’s play Hamlet. This word is even harder to understand when the person behind it is constantly changing their mind, saying different things to others, and acting crazy, but despite this Hamlet seems toRead MoreEssay on The Destruction of Love Between Hamlet and Ophelia1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe Destruction of Love Between Hamlet and Ophelia      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ophelia describes Hamlet as the courtiers soldier, scholars eye, tongue and sword, Thexpectancy and rose of fair state, the glass of fashion and the mould of form, Thobserved of all observers (Act 3 Scene 1) He is the ideal man. But, after his madness and the death of her father she sees him as a noble mind oer thrown! (Act 3 Scene 1). Ophelia suffers from Hamlets disillusionment; his attitude to her in Act 3 Scene 1 isRead MoreHamlet And Ophelia s Classic Love Story1502 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Project Love is define as a an intense feeling of deep affection(found on Wikipedia dictionary)it is also the force that can drive any man or woman to be or do insane things, and is no doubt one of the main themes in William Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"Hamlet†. A relationship between two people can become very complex. Words can be exchanged in a state of anger, and later the person will feel some sort of regret. The theme love takes on many relationships throughout the play, but the one were focusingRead MoreHamlets Love for Ophelia1231 Words   |  5 PagesIntro to Literature Drama Paper Hamlet’s Love   Ã‚      In the tragic play  Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, one of the most common themes found throughout the story’s plot is the theme of love. Shakespeare interlaces many layers of thematic love through the complex relationships of  Hamlet; primarily between Hamlet and Ophelia. From Act one until the final scene of the play, Hamlet struggles with the decision to kill Claudius while he concurrently tries to comprehend the chaos surrounding

Dui Laws Essay - 1285 Words

Driving Under The Influence Laws, need to be more severe Driving under the Influence is a dangerous trend and is known to cause many critical accidents and deaths which could have been easily prevented. Even though the consequences for DUI arrests are strict, they seem to not be effective enough. The toll of alcohol-related deaths, repeated offenders, and accidents is still rising, leaving the streets dangerous and families devastated. Over half the drivers arrested for drunk driving in the nation, are repeated offenders. I stand strongly against drunk drivers; They are a threat to themselves and society and believe that they should be taught a tough lesson when caught. Therefore, the charges for Driving Under the Influence laws need to†¦show more content†¦You would think that if a person gets pulled over, arrested, gets his/her license suspended and gets court ordered to pay 250+ dollars in fines, that they would never get behind the wheel under the influence again and endanger someone else’s life. Wrong. According to a 2007 AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety study over half of drivers arrested for drunk driving in the nation are repeat offenders. All states have adopted 21 as the legal drinking age. Two-thirds of the states have now passed Administrative License Revocation (ALR) laws, which allow the arresting officer to take the license of drivers who fail or refuse to take a breath test. All states have now lowered the legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit from .10 to .08 percent for adults, and all states have passed Zero Tolerance laws which prohibit drivers under twenty-one from having any amount of alcohol in their blood system. The penalties have increased for drinking and driving, yet the repeated offenders percentages haven’t decreased. Thus proving, what the laws are doing now is not working and they need to be raised. Going back to the purpose of punishment, if people keep doing the same thing, than the consequences before did not faze them and need to be stricter. Page 3 On theShow MoreRelatedTougher Dui Laws And Better Technology1331 Words   |  6 PagesTougher DUI laws and better Technology Could Be Both Good and Bad Let’s drink and drive so we can crash and kill innocent people. Driving while under the influence of alcohol is called drunk driving (DUI), which is against the law. The National Traffic Safety Administration (NTSA) estimates that almost 40% of traffic deaths caused by accidents in the United States are caused by drunk drivers. Some people think that there should be tougher penalties for repeaters of DUI and we should have zero toleranceRead MoreMandatory Dui Laws And / Or Technology Should Be Enacted1320 Words   |  6 PagesDriving while under the influence of alcohol is called drunk driving (DUI), which is against the law. The National Traffic Safety Administration (NTSA) estimates that almost 40% of traffic deaths caused by accidents in the United States are caused by drunk drivers. Some people think that there should be tougher penalties for repeaters of DUI and we should have zero tolerance for drinking and driving. Others believe that tougher laws are not needed. Some people feel like the social drinkers are beingRead MorePenalties for Dr iving Under the Influence Essay726 Words   |  3 PagesDUIs have blindly taken lives of citizens, and the punishment for this crime does not meet its destruction. In Mississippi, the first offense of a DUI carries only a ninety-day license suspension. Drunk drivers kill people every year. If DUI punishment became stricter, and careless drunk drivers paid the full consequence of their wrongdoing, the number of people killed by drunk drivers would decrease. Some argue that if the government strengthened DUI laws, it would have an economically negativeRead MoreThe Transportation security Administration (TSA) is Violating the Fourth Amendment536 Words   |  3 Pagesor things to be seized† (www.law.cornell.edu).    The importance of this amendment is for all citizens to be able to protect their homes/persons from illegal intrusion from the law.   This does not mean squat to many police officers, district attorneys, and even judges.   How could a person who takes an oath to uphold the law violate the constitution and have no problems with it?   The idea of a person who is supposed to protect the United States’ citizens purposely violating their rights does not pleaseRead MoreSpecial Treatment for Celebrities: The Law Should Apply to All993 Words   |  4 Pagesthen they get pulled over are accused of being offensive to the arresting officer and other people. then several weeks later you hear about this same person being only charged with a minor offense when you remember it was a DUI (driving under the influence). Why does the law help these celebrities. Being a celebrity exposes them to the public, and many celebrities take advantage of this in many ways. from endorsing sportswear to sunglasses, sometimes you even see them supporting politicians. RegardlessRead MoreDo Celebrities Get Special Treatment? Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesexample by letting the law-breakers know that for every crime, there is a punishment. Every single person in this country knows that if they decide to break the law, there are going to be consequences. But no average person does something without expecting to get away with their hands clean. There are no high profile lawyers, million dollar defense, or appeals for unfair trial. For the average person there is only the cold hard truth. It is common knowledge that the law is almost always forgivingRead MoreThe Legal System and Society999 Words   |  4 Pagescriminal and civil trails. They use evidence and argue to support their clients. It all started in Ancient Rome. 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Cogitans Cardinal Of Property In Sales Law -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cogitans Cardinal Of Property In Sales Law? Answer: Introduction: The Sales and Goods act 1979 is a subsequent version of Sales and Goods Act 1893[1]. This Act governs the provision of the English Contract Act and UK Commercial Law relating to the transaction of goods. The relationship between the buyer and the seller is the main concentrating provision of this Act. According to this section, the rights and interest of the sellers are not the only matter of fact; other relevant provisions like delivery, rights of the third party, liabilities and different competitions are also come under the purview of this Act. Section 12 of the Act discusses about the process how the Act maintains the relationship between the parties in case of private sales[2]. This essay will describe the fact whether the Act regulates relation between the parties in an international sale or not. Discussion: The international Sale of Goods is governed by the United Nations Conventions. accounting to this convention, it has been observed that the liabilities of the seller and the rights of the buyer in case of international transactions of goods are following the principle of Sale of Goods Act 1979. However, it is important to find out the differences in between the International Sale of Goods Act and Sale of Goods Act 1979 to understand the effective role of Sale of Goods Act regarding the relationship in between the parties in international sale governed by English Law. Article 32 of the Contracts for International Sale of Goods Act (CISG) has prescribed the liabilities of the seller regarding the delivery of the goods so that the seller could maintain all the logistic provisions of carriage[3]. As per the provision of this Act, it is the liability of the seller to deliver the identified goods and he needs to serve proper notice to the buyer regarding the specific consignment. According to Article 32 (2) of the CISG, law imposed certain duties to the seller regarding the goods carriage and the seller needs to ensure that goods are properly delivered to the buyer. Besides, it is the duty of the seller to provide all the security related information to the buyer. According to Butler, the notice provision of Sale of Goods Act is stricter compared to the CISG[4]. It is argued by Bridge that the provisions regarding the delivery of goods CISG re quite different from the Sale of Good Act 1979[5]. According to Article 31 of the CISG, delivery of goods can be made when the same has been handed over by the seller to the carrier. In case where there is no necessity of carriage, then the seller must make the goods available for the buyer. The delivery related relationship between the parties is governed by the section 29 of Sale of Goods Act 1979[6]. Certain stipulations have been prescribed by the Act such as the goods should be delivered within a reasonable hour. Further, if the contract is issueless, the residence of seller can be the delivery place. The rights and interest of the buyer can be much protected by the provisions of the Sale of Goods Act 1979. In case of any disputed goods, it is the duty of the seller to replace the disputed product. In Hadley v Baxendale[7] it has been observed that if any of the parties will marketing any breach to the terms of the contract will be faced necessary punishment. The relationship between the parties is strictly maintained by the Sale of Goods Act 1979. The nature of the Act is reactive in nature and therefore, the buyer can claim damage from the seller in case of any disputes related to that goods. On the other hand, the buyer may extend the delivery time in case of unsatisfied delivery by the seller. In case of international sale, it has been observed CISG is more liberal to the Sale of Goods Act. It has been observed that the applicable provisions under Sale and Goods Act for the international relation ship are quite technical and legislature centric. There is no ethical consideration for the delivery of goods[8]. Christopher has argued that excessive legal provisions have made the transaction stricter and no ethical submission has been made. According to his statement, the terms of the contract can be positive if both the parties can maintain certain ethical consideration. According to Article 50 of CISG, if proper confirmation could not be made by the seller, buyer can ask for price reduction. In case of Sale of Goods Act, the buyer has the option to repudiate the whole contract and there is no option for ethical consideration under the Act. Further, under the Act, the buyer has no power to decide the amount of breach of condition or breach of warranty. In Harlingdon and Leinster Enterprise v Hull Fine Art[9], it has been observed that the rights of the buyer are strictly limited due to the technicality of the Sale of Goods Act 1979. The CISG is protecting the parties to termina te the contract as a whole and gives many facilities to the parties to strengthen the base of the relationship. CISG has given the buyer a right to accept a portion of the goods under Article 51, while no such right has been provided to the buyer under Sale of Goods Act and the buyer is restricted to accept the partial goods under section 31 (1) of the Act. Further, the Act has failed to provide necessary rules to the seller if he delivered the goods before the specific dates and no duty has been imposed on him to provide document to the buyer. However, Article 34 of CISG has stated about the duty of the seller to hand over all the related documents to the buyer. It has been provided under Article 52 of CISG, it is discretionary power of the buyer to accept the goods if the seller has delivered the same before contracting date. Certain protections have been given to the parties after the delivery of the goods under CISG. The buyer can ask for remedy from the seller if the quality or quantity of the goods is not according to the criteria. On the other hand, no such power or authority has been given to the parties under the Sale of Goods Act 1979 as the law of estoppels has restricted the parties to do so[10]. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the objective of both Contracts for International Sale of Goods Act or CISG and Sale of Goods Act 1979 were same that is to protect the rights and interest of the contracting parties and maintain the relationship between the buyer and seller in case of international contract. However, it has been observed that the provisions of the CISG are quite wide and less technical compared to the Sale of Goods Act. The provisions of CISG are required to entrench in this case. All these loopholes of the Act are required to be resolved and should make the Act as promising in order to maintain a good relationship. Reference: Bridge, Michael. "The UK Supreme Court decision in The Res Cogitans and the cardinal role of property in sales law." management. J. Legal Stud.(2017): 345. Butler, Petra.Choice of Law. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG, 2016. Hadley v Baxendale [1854] 9 Exch. 341 Harlingdon and Leinster Enterprise v Hull Fine Art [1991] 1 QB 564 Hill, Christopher, and Yash Kulkarni. business-law. Taylor Francis, 2017. Hunter, Howard. "The Law of Sales in Singapore." (2017): 1. Legislation.gov.uk. N.p., 2018. Web. 5 Feb. 2018. Riefa, Christine. "Codification: The future of English consumer law?."Browser Download This Paper(2015). Zareshahi, Ali. "A Comparative Study of Damages and Price Reduction Remedy for Breach of Sale Contract under CISG, English and Iranian Laws."J. Pol. L.9 (2016): 126.

Lucky Dube as the Icon in the Reggae Music Industry

Introduction He is among the greatest icons in the reggae music industry. Born in South Africa on 3rd August 1964, Lucky Dube was destined for greater things in the music industry. His interest in world history and that of his native country, accompanied by his Rastafarian roots and religion played a pivotal role in his desire to express relevant issues through his music.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lucky Dube as the Icon in the Reggae Music Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, he launched his music career in 1974 as a member of various bands before he decided to go solo in 1982. Among his songs was â€Å"different colors-one people† which touched the lives of his many fans worldwide. Song overview The song is in the album titled â€Å"Victims† which was released in 1993. The lyrics to this song were originally written by lucky Dube, and the song recorded at Downtown studios i n South Africa. It fits the composers singing style in regards to the instruments, pace, genre and message. The composer tries to unite people of different races through the lyrics of this song. He asserts that in as much as we have different skin colors, we are one people. He reinforces his claim by quoting the bible where God created man in his own image irrespective of their races. He urges the governments and politicians not to separate the people depending on their race. As regarding to the song itself, Lucky Dube uses back up singers to reinforce his main point throughout the song. The alternation between him and the back up singers is common in his songs and plays a vital role in ensuring that the audience understands the message (short lines that are easy to cram). Song analysis The song is written and produced in accordance to the reggae music format. The lyrics and choice of instruments used in the song gives it a somber mood clearly reflecting on the sadness that the issu es being raised project. The theme of this song is unity. Through the lyrics, the composer effectively conveys his message about racial discrimination and recommends that people shun this unbecoming habit. The lyrics are carefully selected to ensure that they can be easily understood by the audience without malice. In regards to the structure, the lyrics are written in continuous prose from the first verse to the last.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It seems like a story. What makes the structure hard to analyze is the fact that the lyrics actually reflects on the thoughts of the composer. The words used in the song generate mixed feelings in the audience and the meaning may differ from one person to another. The only option that the audience is left with after listening to this song are either to understand and relate to the situations expressed in the song or to just listen to the music and embrace the feelings that it generates within our hearts. The form taken by the song consists of three short verses which Lucky Dube sings alone and a repetitive chorus which is sang in collaboration with the instrumentalists and the back up singers. The form which is taken by this song is a common style used by lucky Dube and other reggae music artists who sing Roots. According to Routledge, Lucky Dube is known by many of his fans as a global ambassador for peace, equality and justice (497). In all his lyrics, he managed to bring out critical and controversial issues that affected people around the world. This song was no different and the album sold millions of copies worldwide showing the impact that his songs had on humanity. In relations to the instruments, the CDuniverse website reports that the personnel used in the recording of this song included Lucky Dube who composed the lyrics, Alistair Coakley who was in charge of the guitar and Vuli Yeni playing the saxo phone. In addition to this, other instruments used included the bass guitar, trombone, keyboards, drums, the trumpet and percussion. According to the website (cduniverse), Ross Anderson a famous music programmer in South Africa was in charge of the programming processes while the background vocals were done by Marilyn Nokwe and Victor Masondo among others. Each instrument used in the song played an important role towards the presentation, synchronization and unification of the whole set. Being a reggae song, the Bass guitar is consistent throughout the whole song as is expected in the songs that fall under this genre. The percussions in this song are used to give it an African decent and they alternate with the trombone which gives the song a serene pace. The drum set act as a general pacemaker for the whole song. The drums in this song are used to compliment the piano which also plays a role in setting the rhythm. In the chorus, I noticed that the pitch of the song raised and this was complimented by the piano. During this part the piano can clearly be heard and it has more melody. At the same time, the bass guitar and the trombone become more vivid as they work together to maintain the tone and rhythm of the song. During the verses, the percussions alternate with the lead guitar and the drum rolls.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Lucky Dube as the Icon in the Reggae Music Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The bass guitar during the verses can only be heard in the background. This gives the verses an empty sound further depicting the desperation portrayed by the lyrics. The keyboard and the guitars in this song are effective in bringing out the clarity in the tune of the song and to unify the voice patterns used by the singers. On the same note, the trumpet is used to highlight the chorus giving it a different tonal variation and creating a sense of drama and climax. In regards to the mixing and the mastering of the song, I noticed that during the introduction and the bridge, the drums are effectively panned giving the song a surround effect. In addition to this, the pitch of the singers tends to rise during these parts of the song while the instruments gradually sink into the background. Also, the voice of the lead singer has been amplified throughout the song ensuring that the audience concentrates on the message as opposed to the beats. Conclusion The various aspects pertaining to this song have been discussed and analyzed. Evidently, it is a great work worth appreciation. The reason behind choosing this song was because Lucky Dube was a great reggae artist whose songs and lyrics clearly reflected on his personality. In addition to this, the song talks about a contemporary issue which affected and still affects the lives of millions of people globally. As such, his lyrics have played a pivotal role towards the understanding of human suffering and the need for unity in the world. He stands as a great example to the fact that one man can indeed make a difference. His core legacy to make a better world for us and the future generations should be embraced by all. Works Cited Cduniverse. â€Å"Victims CD†. Cduniverse.com. 2010. Web. https://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=1016579 Routledge. â€Å"International Who’s Who in Popular Music.† 8th ed. USA: Taylor and Francis, 2006. Print. This essay on Lucky Dube as the Icon in the Reggae Music Industry was written and submitted by user Adalyn I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The most dangerous game by richard connell essays

The most dangerous game by richard connell essays The short story The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell is about the hunter and the hunted but later in the story it becomes ironic because it turns into a game were the hunter becomes the hunted. It turns into a chase of competition and of survival. Two sailors Rainsford and his partner Whitney sailed in to the darkness of the of sea. Their purpose was to hunt, they called it the " greatest sport". They were hunters and headed to the Amazon to hunt vicious animals such as Jaguars, and tigers. They sailed to an island called "Ship-Trap Island". Sailors feared this island and had curious dread of such a scarry place. The sky was filled with darkness when suddently he heard Three gun shots that were fired, and heard them again and again. Then he heard a scream while smoking a pipe when suddently the pipe fell and as he tried to reach for it he whent down into the sea were the waves swallowed his screams. Nobody could have heard him as the ocean swallowed his screams and the only chance of survival was to swim. Rainsford swam towards the screams and ended up in the Island. He walked on the shoreline and later found a place that looked like a mansion. There he met General Zaroff who bought the island to hunt. He was indeed a sporstman who invented a new sensation of the hunting game. His game was to train those men who's ships were wrecked and ended up in that island, and then...

Devils in Disguise essays

Devils in Disguise essays Under idealism nothing exists except the mind. Whoever controls the mind controls everything. Therein lies the secret of absolute power (Rapoport 1989) Has this method been used by most of the well known bloodiest dictators in history? The answer is most definitely yes! Every man is a maker of history; in fact, some man not only left a mark on those they knew through life, but they left a lasting impression on the entire world. These men claimed to want only stability; furthermore, they claimed to view revolution with horror, yet they were themselves in a sense, the most ruthless revolutionaries the world had ever seen. From the perspective of the future, the differences among all forms of violent political extremists will always blur. Of the many influential leaders whose dictatorship soaked in blood no only their countries but the world it self, Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolph Hitler and Benito Mussolini share such ruthlessness and hideous crimes in the annals of history. There are many reasons why Napoleon Bonaparte was indeed a ruthless warlord (dictator). To begin, after most of his battles, many cities were totally destroyed whether it was by him or by his enemies. Most cities in Russia were destroyed by the Russian themselves as to avoid leaving any goods for Napoleon. Russians intended to leave nothing for the enemy, so they raid through the country destroying all the villages and all source of resources; to illustrate, Kovno, Vilna, Vitebsk, Smolensk, Viasna, Gzatsk, Borodino and Moscow were among the cities brought down to ruins. Second, Napoleon was an unmerciful militant commander. Many of his soldiers died due to his orders to continue through such cold temperatures. While fighting with the Russians, many French soldiers died due to starvation and the freezing temperatures, for none of the French were issued any gear for the winter. Tired men dropped in their tracks and pushed to the side of the road...

Foreign Policy of North Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Foreign Policy of North Korea - Essay Example The intention of this paper is North Korea, or the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), as a country under the authoritarian rule of the military and the KWP, or the political party of Kim Jong-Il. Since the government and the military regulate every domestic institution in North Korea including the media and the schools, there is no known freedom of speech in the country. Moreover, according to the Amnesty International, North Koreans who are imprisoned or detained usually suffer from torture and other forms of cruelty and degrading treatment without due process of law. The prisoners are either beaten, forced to exercise, made to sit without moving for several hours, and publicly humiliated. Usually, because of these forms of cruelty as well as forced hard labor, lack of hygiene and inadequate food, prisoners usually fall ill and die some time during custody. As a response to the lack of respect for human rights in North Korea, the Citizens’ Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, or NKHR, was established on May 4, 1996 in Seoul. The purpose is to defend the human rights and defend the lives of North Koreans. The founder and current chairperson, Reverend Benjamin H. Yoon, emphasizes that the goal of the NKHR is for the creation of a peaceful reunification of the North and the South and the formation of a democratic national community that is expected to result from such reunification. The NKHR also seeks to assist North Koreans who have just settled in South Korea in the education of their youth and the protection of their rights. Moreover, the organization seeks to collect and publicize facts and information regarding the status of human rights in North Korea, especially those in political prison camps (â€Å"Citizens’ Alliance,† 2011). Nevertheless, the NKHR, since it is based in Seoul, cannot do much to help North Koreans in North Korea. Nevertheless, the institution of the NKHR is a crucial step and a beacon of hope for North Koreans whose rights are still being violated in their own country. II. Relations with Asian Countries ` North Korea’s relations with South Korea have been â€Å"difficult and acrimonious† since the Korean War and have been a sort of â€Å"mixed† policy since North Korea seeks to develop strong economic ties with South Korea but the former does not stop denouncing the latter’s relations with the United States (â€Å"Democratic People’s,† U.S. Dept. of State, 2011). After the Korean War, both countries actually affirmed their desires for the reunification of the Korean Peninsula but until 1971, there have been no possible way for the two Korean governments to officially communicate with each other (â€Å"Democratic People’s,† U.S. Dept. of State, 2011). The differing ideologies of the two Koreas, where the north assumes a rather communist and conservative role but the south a rather a democratic one, have been responsible for the delay of goals aimed at reunification. Moreover, the intervention of the United States and other member countries to the Six-Party talks and North Korea’s continual violation of international laws against nuclear missiles have also helped put aside and indefinitely postpone reunification. However, South Korea remains as one of the DPRK’s leading partner in trade (â€Å"Korea, North,† CIA.gov, 2011). Aside from South Korea, among the countries with which North Korea has had firmly established ties with was China. China is North Korea’s largest source of food, fuel and arms, and is its biggest trading partner. As to food, China is the leading producer and importer of 45% of North Korea’s food and 80% of the latter’s consumer goods. When it comes to energy resources, China provides North Korea with around 90% of the latter’s fuel. With North Korea’s current volume of imports from China, the economic dependence of the form er on

Critical Approaches to Human Resource Management Essay

Critical Approaches to Human Resource Management - Essay Example Over the past decade, Boxall and Purcell (2011) posit that the worker engagement levels in the US have significantly fallen. As a result, a people strategy that is effective should be devised to stimulate high levels of engagement of employees in order to gain the much sort after competitive advantage in the most dynamic business environment to ever exist globally (Woods and West, 2010). Numerous studies have been conducted by dozens of firms and researchers with respect to the value of employee engagement (Holbeche and Springett, 2003). All these studies have employed varied research methods, employee engagement measures, in addition to the extensive variety of varied measures of financial and operational performance; yet they all lead to the same conclusion, that â€Å"employee engagement or disengagement has a huge impact on the financial performance of individual organisations, and in the aggregate, a significant impact on the performance of the U.S. economy as a whole† (S chaufeli, Bakker and Salanova, 2006:703) The Role of Engagement The global economy has been experiencing significant shifts in the past decade (Woods and West, 2010). ... Despite the fact that new strategies have been devised to respond to these shifts; Harter, Schmidt and Hayes (2002) believe that it is essential that the organisation’s success alongside the high performance of workers be maintained. According to Boxall, Purcell and Wright (2007), the key strategy to implement to ensure this is to introduce processes that measure and improve the work engagement of the employees. Past research has over and over again made known that employee engagement has powerful links with a number of success factors in business organisations, for instance (Holbeche and Springett, 2003): i. Employee productivity ii. Employee efficiency/performance iii. Employee safety iv. Employee attendance and retention v. Profitability vi. Customer loyalty and retention vii. Customer service and satisfaction Economic instabilities are on and off events and the way different business organisations react to these shifts in the economy determines or rather predict if the com pany will survive or how well it will succeed (Roberts and Davenport, 2002). Many organisations tend to focus less on management of their talent as well as on engaging their employees during periods of crisis and uncertain business forecasts and instead direct their efforts towards devising strategies to reduce costs incurred via slicing of bonuses, salaries, rewards, in addition to costs involving development of employees (Attridge, 2009). Furthermore, Redman and Wilkinson (2009) report that some leaders without an eye for the future may go to an extend of thinking that employee engagement is not important since their employees are left with few or no options and as a result they will stay put in the organisation due to their need for job security. On the other hand, smart leaders with

Three Accomplishments Essay Example for Free

Three Accomplishments Essay Describe your three most important accomplishments to date. You may address Civic Services, Community Services, and Volunteer work, if applicable, as well as work related experience: Three accomplishments: Coming to united States – Career Accomplishment Fulfilling the Family Responsibilities Starting a Charity – Social Accomplishment My childhood dream was to go to United States and study. So, I worked hard to get good grades. Unfortunately, in my second of college, June 1986, I met with a bus accident, which critically damaged my right hand. Subsequently, I completely lost my wrist movement. I could regain the arm movement by going though one year of physical therapy, however. The doctors informed me that I had to take a break from my studies if need be. I was upset, to say the least, though I did not lose my entire self-confidence. I began to practice writing with my left hand instead. Within three months, I was able to accomplish this. I wrote my second year exams and got distinction. Simultaneously attending college and physical therapy, I ultimately graduated without losing a year. Few years later, for the first time, when my feet touched the soil of USA, my joy knew no bounds. As a matter of fact, the feeling of triumph that I regained enabled me to see through any problem whatsoever. During my final year of college, July 1988, my father passed away. At that time, my younger brother and younger sister had not completed their studies, and so I felt that it was my responsibility to provide support to them. Therefore, I began to look for work, putting on hold my dream to go for higher studies. Financially supporting my family until my siblings were old enough to look after themselves; I did not regret my decision at all, despite the fact that many of my friends had obtained their postgraduate degrees from USA by that time. What I had gained was priceless, too: the pleasure of acting responsibly. One of my friends lost his eyes in an accident in Aug 2002. Seeing his misery, I decided to do something useful for blind people. So I actively participated in organizing charities and leading awareness programs for organ donation. I was also fortunate to start a charity in Vizag in Andharapradesh, India, on behalf of my mother in July 2006. At present, I am in talks with Shankar Eye Foundation in India to increase the number of eye surgeries. So long as I am helping myself and society, I believe I am accomplishing something.

Alcoholics Anonymous Essay example -- essays research papers

The phrase â€Å"early A.A.† refers to the early fellowships and meetings held in Akron, Ohio. These meetings took place between 1935 and 1939 when Alcoholics Anonymous was an integral part of â€Å"A First Century Christian Fellowship† (Pitman 56). A.A. was the outcome of a meeting between Bill W., a New York stockbroker, and Dr. Bob S., an Akron surgeon. Both had been hopeless alcoholics (Fingarette 14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before this time, Bill and Dr. Bob had each been in contact with the Oxford Group, a mostly nonalcoholic fellowship that emphasized universal spiritual values in daily living(Fingarette 15). During this period, the noted episcopal clergyman, Dr. Samuel Shoemaker, headed the group. Under this spiritual influence, and with the help of an old time friend, Ebby T., Bill had gotten sober and had then maintained his recovery by working with other alcoholics, though none of there had actually recovered (Wekesser 23) . Meanwhile, Dr. Bob’s Oxford Group membership at Akron had not helped him enough to achieve sobriety. When the doctor met Bill, he found himself face to face with a fellow sufferer who had made good (Pitman 62). Bill emphasized that alcoholism was a malady of mind, emotions and body. Though a physician, Dr. Bob had not known alcoholism to be a disease. Due to Bill’s convincing ideas, he soon got sober, never to drink again. The founding spark o f A.A. had been struck (Wekesser 26).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both men immediately set to work with alcoholics at Akron’s City Hospital, where one patient quickly achieved complete sobriety (Pitman 69). In the fall of 1935, a second group of alcoholics slowly took shape in New York. A third appeared at Cleveland in 1939. It had taken over four years to produce 100 sober alcoholics in the three founding groups. That same year, the Fellowship published it’s basic textbook, Alcoholics Anonymous. The text, written by Bill, explained A.A.’s philosophy and methods, the core of which was the now well-known Twelve Steps to Recovery (Pitman 75 & 76). The book was reinforced by case histories of around thirty recovered members. From this point on, A.A’s development was rapidly growing (Wekesser 36).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One milestone in A.A’s history was in 1939. The Cleveland Plain Dealer carried a series of articles about A.A. supported by warm editorials. The Cleveland Group,... ...d without its host of well wishers who have since given their time and effort A.A. could never have grown and prospered. The Fellowship records its constant gratitude (Fingarette 72).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was on January 24, 1971, that Bill, a victim of pneumonia, died in Miami Beach, Florida, where he had delivered at the 35th Anniversary International Convention what proved to be his last words to fellow A.A.s: â€Å"God bless you and Alcoholics Anonymous forever† (Pitman 120). Since then, A.A. has become truly global. This has revealed that A.A.’s way of life can today transcend most barriers of race, creed and language (Wekesser 87). A World Service Meeting, started in 1969, has been held biennially since 1972. Its locations alternate between New York and overseas. It has met in London, England; Helsinki, Finland; San Juan del Rio, Mexico; Guatemala City, Guatemala; Munich, Germany and Cartagena, Colombia. These meetings and their locations have gone to show the global impact A.A. has achieved. The Akron A.A. team of Dr. Bob, Bill, and Anne has never been equaled in personal, spiritual recovery outreach. It was truly the heart of A.A.’s s piritual beginnings (Pitman 124).

Feasibility of Hoosier Burger

Six Feasibility Factors: 1) Economic Feasibility With proper inventory strategy and good customer service, the Hoosier Burger can benefit in terms of increased sales and profit. Besides that, the Hoosier Burger would definitely have regular customers like any other restaurants. Therefore, the Hoosier Burger should improve its management system to assure the regular visits. 2) Operational Feasibility Better operating system leads to more efficient time management as it is an issue of Hoosier Burger.Implementations of a good system enable better schedule handling and customer service. By applying a new and improved system, problems can be solved and the use of time would be proper during business. 3) Technical Feasibility With the help of the project team and owners Bob and Thelma, Hoosier Burger should have no problem executing this proposed system. The issues to be fixed are very fixable and can be done quite quickly with the proper organization and strive. 4) Schedule FeasibilityWhi le there is no time frame mentioned in the case, it is assumed that Hoosier Burger will take action promptly to assure continued success of the business. They want to keep their loyal customers and must act quickly in order to do so. 5) Legal and Contractual Feasibility There seem to be few legal risks in this case. This is a small but established business that will not have copyright or nondisclosure issues. The only risk may be in retrieving information about the customer base. 6) Political Feasibility Politics are not mentioned or described in the Hoosier Burger case.

HUM History and Methods of Science Essay

Social views and culture denoted scientist, in general, as individuals who exist different from the common society. This idea is mainly because scientists live with a strong conviction to their field and their reasoning is widely based on the empirical side of the environment they lived in. Because of this, scientist’ cultures and lifestyles are significantly affected with their governing philosophies and scientific principles. The aspect of communication is also included in the human cultures and philosophies that are affected by the conviction in the scientific world. In this idea, scientists do tend to communicate with their colleagues in a manner, which is significant based on their scientific principles. There communication is widely empirical in nature that they tend to express themselves and reason out through proving the validity of their statement in an empirical nature. Scientist’s opinions and ideas are always supported with factual and scientific proofs whenever they share it with their colleagues. Through this manner, scientist can and are ready to defend the validity of their statements whenever they communicate with their fellow scientist as they are all governed by their scientific principles and philosophies. Another common trend in the communication aspects of the scientist is that they tend to relate each of their opinions and ideas to other scientific concepts or factual events and phenomenon. This is probably habitual in nature, as their profession requires them to be open-minded and critical in their field. Their communication aspect is often critical and analytic in nature whenever they state something or dispute an idea. Hus, from this concepts and ideas, one can actually see that profession indeed such as the field of science can affect the human culture and personal behavior of an individual as with the case of the society of scientist. In this concept, the behavior of scientist towards their profession becomes habitual in nature thus affecting their innate and personal communication aspect in general.

John Donne- A Valediction Forbidding Mourning, Pseudo-Marty essays

John Donne- A Valediction Forbidding Mourning, Pseudo-Marty essays John Donne is known today as being the chief writer of verse known as metaphysical poetry, which features elaborate conceits and surprising symbols, wrapped up in original, challenging language structures. John Donne was born to a Roman Catholic family in 1572 on Bread Street in London. Although he was born to a well-known Catholic family, he later converted to Anglicanism during the 1590s. His father died when he was only four and left him and his other two siblings to be raised by their mother. Donne learned his first years of education form Jesuits, but at the age of 11, he entered the University of Oxford. He only studied there for three years before transferring to the University of Cambridge, where he spent the next three years studying. However, he did not receive a degree from either of these universities because he could not take the Oath of Supremacy required to graduate. He began to question his faith when his brother gave shelter to a proscribed Catholic priest and was a rrested. His brother died in prison due to a fever in 1593. Soon after, he began his first writings and first book of poems, Satires, which is considered one of his most important literary works. By 1598, his career in law was becoming successful, however, in 1601, he secretly married seventeen-year-old Anne More, and thus destroyed his flourishing career. For the next twelve years, he struggled to support his growing family. He made a meager living as a lawyer, but received some assistance from friends and family to make ends meet. Donne continued to write and as he approached forty, he published two anti-Catholic polemics Pseudo-Martyr and Ignatius His Conclave. In 1615, Donne unwillingly joined the ministry and later that year was appointed Royal Chaplain. 160 of his sermons survive in completion today. Anne Donne died just two years later after she gave birth to the couples twelfth child, a stillborn. Only 7 of their children actually outlived ...

Free Essays on Evolution of Love

Love is based on a need for humans to form â€Å"pair-bonds†. The evolutionary purpose of our human sexuality is to strengthen this bond. Through many different techniques humans naturally select an individual to pair with. The different sexes have different reasons and or motivations for creating pairs. Love being created through interaction and established through relational, social or psychological methods are a derivative to compromising ones reasons or motivations for creating a pair. This is a habit that we have developed over time. Love is a result of a natural match between ones love interest and their expectations therefore making it a chemical mechanism. Humans evolve because of natural selection. Just as evolution is natural so is love and it works as the fuel for evolution. Love combines two different bodies of life and makes them as one progressing the overall quality of life. Our organs including the human mind are designed to transmit genes to the next generation. For example we naturally feel hunger because it was successful in keeping our ancestors alive to rear us. We feel lust because it is what led us to being created. Today this lust is viewed as a means merely to become intimate with a partner but it is really a reaction to the need to mate to reproduce. Our ancestors did not have the same temptations that alter ones reasons for sex. This is evident in the dramatic change in the worlds open acceptance to a sexually active society. An issue that at one point was not addressed but assumed because of reproduction is now used a promotional tool for everything from bubble gum to music. Confusion created because of ones conflict between heir own values and beliefs and those of the environment is natural. Humans learn not only from what they have genetically accumulated but also through experience. Because of temptation people have discovered a w ay to deal with temporary gratification therefore complete... Free Essays on Evolution of Love Free Essays on Evolution of Love Love is based on a need for humans to form â€Å"pair-bonds†. The evolutionary purpose of our human sexuality is to strengthen this bond. Through many different techniques humans naturally select an individual to pair with. The different sexes have different reasons and or motivations for creating pairs. Love being created through interaction and established through relational, social or psychological methods are a derivative to compromising ones reasons or motivations for creating a pair. This is a habit that we have developed over time. Love is a result of a natural match between ones love interest and their expectations therefore making it a chemical mechanism. Humans evolve because of natural selection. Just as evolution is natural so is love and it works as the fuel for evolution. Love combines two different bodies of life and makes them as one progressing the overall quality of life. Our organs including the human mind are designed to transmit genes to the next generation. For example we naturally feel hunger because it was successful in keeping our ancestors alive to rear us. We feel lust because it is what led us to being created. Today this lust is viewed as a means merely to become intimate with a partner but it is really a reaction to the need to mate to reproduce. Our ancestors did not have the same temptations that alter ones reasons for sex. This is evident in the dramatic change in the worlds open acceptance to a sexually active society. An issue that at one point was not addressed but assumed because of reproduction is now used a promotional tool for everything from bubble gum to music. Confusion created because of ones conflict between heir own values and beliefs and those of the environment is natural. Humans learn not only from what they have genetically accumulated but also through experience. Because of temptation people have discovered a w ay to deal with temporary gratification therefore complete...

Reflection Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Reflection - Dissertation Example The organization has grown over the years and is currently celebrating 75 years of its existence (Plan -1, 2013). It needs to be mentioned that as of the modern times, it is a global charity for children and is presently working with kids of the 50 poorest countries of the world with the aim of providing them with a better future. The non profit organization has a very clear and distinct long as well as short term plan in the form of vision and mission. Discussing about the vision of PLAN, it can be stated that the focus on building a world, where every child can realise their highest and maximum potential in a society that respects individual rights and dignity. The mission objectives of the PLAN are to achieve high quality improvements in the quality of life for the deprived children in the developing countries all over the world (Plan -2, 2013). While talking about PLAN in an elaborate manner, it can be stated that the activity portfolio of the global non profit organization compr ises of focus on arenas like education, health, water and sanitation, protection, economic security, emergencies, child participation and even sexual health including HIV. The working of the organization includes two vital functions, campaigning and advocacy. The advocacy function of PLAN aims at sharing the facts about the lives of the children belonging to more than 66000 communities of the developing nations and the success of the programs which aims at recognizing their rights. The organization is committed to ensure that the girls, boys and the adults who are the part of the communities within which PLAN team works should have their opinions in the decision making process of their nation. They are also dedicated towards raising alertness about growth issues among the common public and motivate them to take steps for claiming their rights. The main objectives of the advocacy function are as follows: Put effort towards identifying the right of the girls in the developing nations, mainly the right to education. Enhancing awareness about the effect of disasters on kids, specifically girls. Making sure that decision makers and governments sustain the rights of the girls and the boys, as laid down in the rule for child rights. The campaign function of PLAN focuses on conducting various awareness campaigns all around the world. In this assignment, the focus is on the ‘Because I am a Girl’ campaign of PLAN. Campaign: Because I am a girl The campaign: Because I am a girl has been designed to tackle and address the multiple challenges that are faced by the girls of young age in various geographies around the world. The challenges of the girls in various regions around the world comprises of some very serious issues like poverty, violence as well as discrimination. Because of a direct impact of these factors, the young girls in various countries and locations around the world are taken out of school, and are often married off at a very young age. This d enial of education to these young females all over the world is resulting in restricting them from the opportunity to develop the very power of human minds which has the

Television Commercials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Television Commercials - Essay Example It is hard to argue with the belief that television commercials have a compelling effect on us. To best check this assumption, the cultivation theory is applied to discover the effects of television commercials on the attitudes and behaviors of the general public. According to Das, â€Å"Cultivation theory suggests that consumers’ perceptions of social reality are heavily influenced by how they see themselves and others portrayed in the media. Many researchers are of the opinion that television ads present idealized images of appropriate behaviors and roles for men and women, making television advertising an important factor in developing notions of what appropriate behaviors and roles are for each sex† (2011:208). Among mass media, television is the most widely used form of advertising, and the influence of television on the average American’s behavior and role are immense. We are repeatedly exposed to this influence, and we absorb it subconsciously and become naturalized with it. In many commercials, there is a large and consistent difference in the way men and women are portrayed. As observed by Water, â€Å"Women in commercials were typically portrayed as deficient in credibility, product users but not product authorities, most often situated in domestic locations, having no occupation except homemaker, and demonstrating a dependent role. This is in contrast with men, who were typically portrayed as credible, product authorities, and situated outdoors. Also, men were perceived to be powerful and thrived in independent roles† (2006:17). The role of gender application is imbalanced, with the female gender being represented in an inferior manner compared to their male counterparts; one is being served and is strong and independent, while the other is serving, and is weak and dependent.

Position paper why i agree with the 3 strikes your out law Research

Position why i agree with the 3 strikes your out law - Research Paper Example These are the very people that the 3 Strikes Law was designed to protect the population from and I for one am very happy that this law is in place to protect me from the harm that can be caused by such offenders and criminals (Reaves, Jessica â€Å"Whats Wrong With â€Å"Three Strike† Laws?†). According to Californias Legislative Analysts Office, this law is the reason why the judicial system in the state has seen an increase in felony cases. This is mainly because the repeat offenders would rather take their chances in a jury trial in the hopes of an acquittal rather than using the plea bargain in order to lighten their sentences (Brown, Brian & Jolivette Greg, â€Å"A Primer: Three Strikes After More Than a Decade†). Although the law seems to be creating a backlog in our justice system, it is important to acknowledge the fact that the DOJ California Crime Index has actually shown a decrease in the crimes rates of the state since the passing of the law: The crime rate continued to decline after Three Strikes, falling by 43  percent statewide between 1994 and 1999, though it has risen by about 11  percent since 1999. Similarly, the violent crime rate declined by 8 percent between 1991 and 1994 and then fell an additional 43  percent between 1994 and 2003. (Brown, Brian & Jolivette Greg, â€Å"A Primer: Three Strikes After More Than a Decade†). The laws of our land are not perfect. In fact, it is full of flaws that are not realized until decades later when the criminals begin to flaunt those legal loopholes that are found by their lawyers. It is this reality that has always put offenders who should have been put away for life back on our streets. The 3 Strikes Law makes sure that they are kept off the street and prevented from doing any further harm to the public. Those who oppose the law say that it is an unjust and cruel punishment for those convicted of petty crimes. If a person has

The Analysis of the Escape by W.S. Maugham Essay Example for Free

The Analysis of the Escape by W.S. Maugham Essay What we call a Chicago accent is actually called the Inland North American dialect. This encompasses the major cities around the Great Lakes. The dialect used to be considered the standard American accent until the region experienced a vowel shift, now called the North Cities Vowel Shift. Who Speaks the Chicago Dialect? Or rather, who doesnt? The answer, of course, is African Americans in the Chicago region, who have their own (and infinitely more interesting) dialect. Though this may be obvious. African Americans are the largest population group in Chicago, and it would be irresponsible to overlook the fact that the Chicago dialect is not used by the largest sector of the citys population. The most salient feature of the Chicago dialect is that it is undergoing the Northern Cities Vowel Shift. This is most noticeable in words with the /ae/ vowel, which gets raised so that its close to /e/. Thus, bad sounds a bit like bed, or, beead. Another notable aspect of this vowel shift is that /o/ is fronted so that it is closer to /ah/. So hot sounds a lttle like hat. As an ongoing change, it is more prevalent and more pronounced among young people, middle-class people, and females, but it is quite widespread. nearly all white Chicagoans exhibit this vowel shift, at least to some extent. A more local vowel development is a monophthongization of /ow/ to /oh/, so that south becomes soth and down becomes don. This is more conservative and less widespread. Also we can notice that when a vowel sound moves into another vowel’s territory, the result may be a merger —as when the sound of caught comes to be pronounced with the tongue in the same region of the mouth as for cot. In a different pattern, the movement of one vowel spurs a reactive movement in a neighboring vowel. As with strangers in an elevator, one vowel shifts to keep its distance when another enters the space. These coordinated movements are heard in the Northern Cities Shift, which affects six different vowels, those appearing in caught, cot, cat, bit, bet and but. In this change, caught takes on a vowel similar to that originally used for cot. The cot vowel also shifts, becoming more like the vowel of cat. The vowel of cat takes a position closer to that ordinarily heard with bit and sometimes sounds like the â€Å"ea† in idea. Words like bit are pronounced with a vowel nearer to bet or even but whereas bet words have a vowel similar to that in cat or but, and the vowel but words comes to sound more like that of caught. When these changes are plotted according to the positioning of the tongue, the connections among them are clear and the shift resembles a clockwise rotation of the vowels in the mouth. The Northern Cities Shift: These guide words are positioned to represent where in the mouth the tongue is placed for those vowel sounds. The arrows indicate the directions of change affecting the sounds. Consonants The stereotype about Chicagoans is that they say dis instead of this, but thats not entirely accurate. The real pronunciation is somewhere in between. To approximate it, first pronounce /th/ the standard way, with the tip of your tongue between your teeth. Then, keeping your teeth apart, move the tip of your tongue to the back of your teeth. Thats the typical Chicago /th/. Contrast it with /d/, which is made with the teeth closed, and the tongue against the roof of the mouth. This is a conservative trait, and is more common among older people, working class people, and males. The unvoiced equivalent, that is, the /th/ of in the word thick is even more conservative. Vocabulary Chicago vocabulary is fairly unremarkable. As a cosmopolitan place, the vocabulary is more generalized than in rural areas, so that Chicagoans are at least familiar with words that were formerly used by dialectologists as markers of Southern dialect or Midland that is, the dialect in between Northern and Southern. Nevertheless, there are a few localisms which are worth mentioning: What other people call rubbernecking, Chicagoans call gaping thus an accident on the side of the road can cause a gapers delay or gapers block. Also, Chicagoans are more likely to use the term gym shoes. Grammar In Chicago, like in other American cities that had lots of German-speaking immigrants, with can be used more frequently as a verbal complement. Thus, while most Americans might say come with, Chicagoans can also say take with and have with. Consider the following bit of dialogue from Chicagoan David Mamets play American Buffalo,: Donny: (Talking about a gun) I dont want it with. Teach: Well, I want it with. In the 1996 film version, Donnys line sounds fine when delivered by Chicagoan Dennis Franz, but Angeleno Dustin Hoffman has trouble making Teachs line sound natural; hes clearly uncomfortable saying it.

Year 10 pre 1914 drama coursework :: English Literature

Year 10 pre 1914 drama coursework How does the presentation of Jo in a taste oh honey by Sheilagh Delaney link to the â€Å"kitchen sink drama† genre, popularised in the 1950’s and 1960’s In a taste of honey Helen is the mother of Jo. Helen and Jo both live together and they have just moved into a small bed-sit. Helen often argues with Jo. Jo, Later on in the play, has a black boyfriend, who, in the play, is only known as boy In a taste of honey all the characters experience a little bit of pleasure in their life. Helen marrying Peter, Jo and the black boy. However they all have to pay for this pleasure. Jo gets pregnant and the black boy leaves. Helen leaves Jo for peter and when this doesn’t work out Helen comes back to Jo. In the play Jo is subject to neglect. This is because her mother, Helen, leaves her alone at 15 to fend for herself. â€Å"I’ll be seeing you. Hey! If he doesn’t show up I’ll be back† This is the start of the period when Helen leaves Jo. At this stage in the play the readers don’t know if Jo will survive for long without Helen. Peter however se this and gives Jo a pound to have so she could buy food to eat. Jo’s role in the play is to show what it would be like in those times to be a single expectant mother. She also has the purpose of showing us how parents have influences on their children: for example Jo was created after Helen and Jo’s dad had a one-night stand. â€Å"I didn’t do it on purpose. How was I supposed to know that you’d materialize out of a little love affair that lasted 5 minutes?† this shows that Jo was a mistake and that Helen was an unmarried mother. However no matter how hard she tried Jo made that same mistake as Helen. In the 1950’s and 1960’s Jo would be called illegitimate because Helen wasnÂ’t married when Jo was conceived. However in today’s times Jo would not be called illegitimate because there are lots of people who have children before they get married. Helen doesn’t treat Jo with a lot of respect, as she doesn’t often tell however she is going. She also doesn’t support Jo when she needs her the most. Jo in this time left school at 15 because she didn’t have a full education so she wouldn’t have been able to get a properly paid job. This is typical of a kitchen sink drama because in those drama’s they were all about real

Aims of Higher Education

Students may have divergent aims while receiving higher education. They may chime with expectations of policymakers, employers, the faculty, society, or they may concern some other personal needs of students. All in all, the main purposes of getting higher education are getting a desirable position, developing personal skills, respect in society and preparation for future life.The major aim of higher education is getting a good job because it is necessary for a good position and high salary. Nowadays presence of a diploma is a ticket to a good job. During the whole life a person is told by his or her teachers that without higher education it is very hard to get fixed up in a good job. From this follows another aspect – high salary. According to Russian Centre of Society’s opinion poll, 76% of recipients claim that without higher education it is almost impossible to get a well-paid job.These examples show that higher education is significant for employers to offer one a desirable and well-paid position. Secondly, studying in a university is a challenging, life-enhancing experience for two reasons: students gain substantive knowledge and develop personal skills. Graduation from university supposes that students will have a common level of knowledge and information literacy. As my Mathematics teacher said, that every piece of knowledge we get will come I hand. Developing personal skills is also important.Tatyana Nikishina, university teacher believes, that socialization is an essential part of educational process, and it develops a lot of other skills, which will be helpful in future. The evidence suggests that higher education will help to improve one’s knowledge within a particular field and individual skills as well. Moreover, getting higher education is essential nowadays, as without it one will not be respected and with it one can assume leadership roles in community.Today more people within the society have higher education and it really hard to be treated with respect without one. My mother says that now people would communicate only with those who have a diploma, although its presence does not mean that a person is intelligent. It is not a secret that people with higher education are more likely to assume leadership roles. From my own experience  I can say, that higher education plays a great role in forming a company of friends, collegues.In brief, it is quite obvious that today people with higher education gain more respect within society and are able to take leading roles. Furthermore, studying in a university will prepare students for future life: they will have career-related courses and will be able to use their knowledge in everyday life. Students are supposed to enter those universities that will help them in their future career.A. Shebistova, Curtin University teacher claims that with choosing a faculty, a student studies within a particular field of knowledge, and this theory would definitely help in practice. To sum up, getting higher education is needed to get ready for future career and knowledge received will be useful in common life. To conclude, the major aims of higher education are getting a good job, improving personal skills, being an authority among community and getting ready for further life. But still, some people suppose that one can be successful even without higher education and it is just waste of time. It is up to everyone to decide whether he or she needs higher education or not.

A Modest Proposal for holding Fathers Equally Essay

Traditionally, the concept of abortion, child-rearing, home management, prostitution and even pornography are all attributed to women – women as subject. In the issue of abortion, women are more likely judged as immoral or not good parent for either aborting or not aborting her child (for certain reasons). In Child-rearing, the mothers are the very ones who are blamed if it happened that her children grew rebellious and defiant. Home management is in all likelihood tagged as women’s function. In the issues of prostitution and pornography, women are the central subjects for judgment. They are more seen as immoral as compared to how men are treated. In short, there are still unresolved problems regarding gender roles and gender biased structure of society. This essay addresses the issue of making fathers or men also accountable for the occurrence of such societal conflicts. Traditional Gender Roles By tracing our history, we could arrive at an evaluation that women and the mothers were discriminated in the society. Having a patriarchal structure of society wherein men or the fathers are labeled as superior over women or the mothers. The traditional structure inside the house was that the father was regarded as the head of the house whom has the highest authority. He has the final say in all things concerning the family. His well-established role as father was providing the needs of the family. Consequently, given such structure inside the home, the community and even the whole society became attached to that particular belief that only men or the fathers have the right to be the head or the bearer of the highest authority otherwise conflict would arise. Because of this traditional conception women and mothers were viewed as the destroyers of order and peace in the society if they would insist themselves as equal as or higher than men and the fathers. Recommendation According to Katha Pollit, the fathers should also be accountable for all the conflicts that arise inside the house, in the community, and in the society. (Barnet & Bedau, 2004) They (the fathers) are not really attributed with perfect characteristics. They have also the predisposition of doing wrong things just like the mothers. When the marriage relationship failed, the mother should not the only one whom should be blamed. The father has also part in that failed relationship. When a child grew up as disobedient and rebellious, the mother is not the only one who is responsible for disciplining her child. The father, being also a parent of his child, has the responsibility of disciplining and molding his child’s attitude. In the case of abortion, mothers are not the only persons who make the problem. The father has also a responsibility towards the pregnancy of the mother. In this contemporary period, women are asserting and fighting for their equal rights with men. They are consistent with their campaign of establishing laws that would make them equal with men. In cases of parenting and marriage relationship, it is really unintelligible to say that only women have this responsibility of taking care and disciplining the children and working out their marriage life. The father has also such responsibilities toward his children and his wife. As a conclusion, all must be enlightened with the fact that everyone has a responsibility towards each other and towards the society. Men and the fathers are not exempted from this kind of responsibility. Women or the mothers cannot manage the home without the assistance and aid of her partner, the father or her husband. Both of them are responsible for molding and guiding their children. And truly, it takes two to tango. Reference: Barnet, S. , & Bedau, H. (2004). Current Issues and Enduring Questions (7th student ed. ). Bedford/St. Martin’s.

My Sisters Keeper Essays

My Sisters Keeper Essays My Sisters Keeper Paper My Sisters Keeper Paper Introduction, and Thesis: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) to provide a genetically matched donor for an older sick child and to use the organs of the younger to the medical benefit of the elder is not morally justifiable using rule utilitarian ethical theory. This principle is not justifiable due to both the nature of the proposed rule regarding PGD and, primarily, to the nature of utilitarian ethical philosophy in general. Arguments Supporting Thesis: Rule utilitarianism is a moral philosophy holding that general rules for moral guidance should be developed that will act as an aid in making ethical decisions. For example, one such rule might by that one ought to keep promises. Given this general rule, when faced with a moral decision, an individual should look at the list of rules and see if any of these rules apply to the current situation. Using the above example, if the situation involves keeping a promise or not, then one should keep the promise. According to this philosophy, even if the consequences of a particular act of promise keeping are bad, the person behaving in accordance with the established utilitarian rule is morally not at fault. However in an attempt to establish a new utilitarian moral rule, each individual event will affect the attempt to establish a moral rule. This ethical theory requires development of rules of action based on the potential rules likelihood to bring about the most good for the most people. For the purposes of this discussion a reasonable rule would be: parents should use PGD to provide a genetically matched donor for an older child and use the expendable organs of the younger child to repair life threatening medical conditions of the older. For the sake of argument, this paper assumes that any procedures that would necessarily result in the death of the younger child would not be performed. For example, if the elder child needs a heart transplant, this rule could not be used to justify the death of the younger by removing the younger siblings heart and transplanting it into the elder. The suggested rule makes use of other, more fundamental utilitarian rules such as one shouldnt cause pain or one should prevent pain. Neither of these rules in itself is sufficient to establish the more specific utilitarian rule suggested in the preceding paragraph. To determine if this potential utilitarian rule should be adopted, some cases, using Picoults novel My Sisters Keeper as a springboard should be examined. The first case to examine is the simplest case. If the proposed rule proves inadequate for a simple application, it is unlikely that more complex, and more realistic scenarios will be adequately served by the proposed rule. The simplest case within this context would be the case originally conceived of by Kates parents, Sara and Brian Fitzgerald. In this scenario Sara and Brian had two children, the elder, Jesse, is approximately seven years old. His little sister, Kate is a about two years old when she is diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Since Jesse is not a compatible donor, her parents elect to use PGD to produce a genetically compatible donor as a potential solution for their daughters health problem. Initially, the younger daughter, Anna, is to be used to donate blood cells from the umbilical cord to provide needed blood cells for Kate. Theoretically, these cells would put Kates APL into remission and that would be the end of medical treatment. All three children would be healthy, have little or no memories of the procedure and the Fitzgerald family would live happily ever after. Does this scenario provide the greatest good for the most people? Although others are involved in My Sisters Keeper, such as the nurses, surgeons, and hospital staff, it is reasonable to consider just the impact of the Fitzgerald family. It appears that the most people have received the greatest good. Kate has her normal life expectancy back, Jesse now has not one, but two little sisters to tease and torment, while Sara and Brian have three happy, healthy children. It appears to be a winning situation for everyone. This scenario provides support that the proposed rule may be a viable utilitarian rule, at least in this simplified situation. Unfortunately, all the cases this proposed rule are to be applied to arent this simple. The Fitzgeralds experiences provide an example where the simple case doesnt prevail and the situation is complicated by other events. Initially in My Sisters Keeper, it appears the umbilical cord blood cells take at Annas birth have done the job. Kate goes into remission for five years. However, at this point Kates APL flairs up and lymphocytes are drawn from Anna three times and inserted into Kate. Again this appears to work for the short term, but ultimately, the procedure fails. For the next eight years the process is repeated over and over again; Kate becomes ill, Anna donates something which should help her get better, the treatment works for a while but then stops working and a new, more invasive and painful donation and treatment is attempted. The situation during this period is not so simple and clear-cut. In the process, everyone in the family suffers: physically, emotionally, financially, and/or socially within the family and outside the home. Both Kate and Anna suffer physical pain with each procedure. Jesse begins to act up in an attempt to get attention from both his parents. The relationship between the parents suffers as Sara becomes more and more obsessed about the physical needs of Kate. The family is not the happy unit anticipated in the simpler case. In fact, at the time of Anna filing the lawsuit for medical emancipation, the only good that has resulted is that Kates life as been extended for twelve or thirteen years. All of the benefits of the Kates continuing to live have come at the expense of the rest of the family and of Kate herself, who suffers considerable pain during the process. In these more complicated circumstances it is not so easy to determine the net good or the net harm. It is no longer so clear that a rule utilitarian imperative can be established to justify PGD and the subsequent harvesting of organs. As long as the medical procedure works, it is more easily justified on a rule utilitarian basis. When the procedure fails, the amount of good, if any doesnt appear to outweigh the amount of harm. This points out a fundamental weakness in moral rule utilitarianism as an ethical theory. It does not have much utility. First, calculating the potential harm and the potential good resulting from a proposed medical procedure is difficult, perhaps even impossible, to calculate. In the simple case, it is easy to calculate the net good because only two people are involved in the process: Anna the donor doesnt suffer at all, and Kate has her pain relieved for five years. It is clear that more good than harm results from the PGD, birth of Anna, and Kates used of the cord blood cells from Anna is a good thing on an utilitarian basis. However, with every additional complication, the calculation of net good becomes more difficult. When lymphocytes are drawn from Anna three times at the age of five, it is clear she feels pain and is at some amount of risk of life due to the use of general anesthesia. It is also clear that Kate receives some benefit from the donated cells. What isnt clear is how much physical pain Anna suffers and how much benefit Kate receives. There are no clearly quantifiable measures of pain. There are scales of pain used by physicians to try and measure pain, but they are estimations by the patient and extremely subjective. Suppose, to salvage the utilitarian principle, one were able to establish a unit measure of pain and relief of pain. Suppose Anna reports that she has pain at a level three for twelve hours for a total of thirty-six pain hours, level two for six hours for twelve pain hours and pain level one for 3 hours for three pain hours. This gives Anna a total of fifty-one pain hours. Presumably, on Kates side, if one assumes a one for one exchange of pain values between Anna and Kate, as long as her net relief of pain is greater than fifty-one pain hours the procedure is justifiable from a rule utilitarian point of view. This result is remarkably similar to the conclusion above in that as long as the medical procedure is successful, the performing of the procedure add credence to the establishment of a new moral rule. This is not a satisfactory moral principle. It fails to consider far too many aspects of the entire situation and bases the moral evaluation purely on the result. For example, as any medical provider knows from personal experience, sometimes people die regardless of the treatment they have received. In the above case, suppose that Kate, after receiving the lymphocytes, and despite the fact that the medical team is well qualified and performed the procedure in accordance with the best established procedures, dies shortly after the procedure. Autopsy and postmortem investigation finds no particular reason for the death. For all intents and purposes, Kate randomly dies when she was expected to live. According to rule utilitarian ethics, this procedure was a failure and should not be used to support a potential rule for future behavior and presumably should count against the potential rule. However this wasnt the fault of the procedure and, intuitively, shouldnt count against PGD and the subsequent use of donor tissues. A second objection to utilitarian rules is that it is unclear when a new rule becomes established. Except for fundamental rules which lack substance, such as truth telling is good, loyalty is good, promise keeping is good that are already established, when does a proposed rule have enough evidence to be a new moral imperative. There isnt a Governing Board of Utilitarian Theory (GOUT) that meets periodically and either approves or denies potential utilitarian rules of ethics. One wonders then if a utilitarian rule can ever be established beyond basic, fundamental rules such as those mentioned above. It is counterintuitive to think that an ethical rule can only be established when it has been tested a sufficient number of times. The whole point of ethical rules is to give people ethical guidance. If one is forced to rely on only the more basic rules such as causing pain is bad and relieving pain is good until the new rule has been established with sufficient data, one is often at a loss since such rules are extremely general and can be, and often are, contradictory. In the case of My Sisters Keeper to relieve Kates pain, Anna must be caused pain. This is essentially a wash that really leaves one with no answer at all. Objections that Rule Utilitarian Cannot Justify PGD: The biggest objection to the conclusion that rule utilitarianism cannot justify using PGD to provide a potential donor for a critically ill child is that if feels like one should be able to use rule utilitarianism to make this decision. One ought to be able to look at this issue and say yes it is moral to provide a potential donor for a child using PGD or no, it is not moral do so. If one cannot use rule utilitarianism to help make a decision what good is it? Response to Objection: That is precisely the point. Rule utilitarianism, in fact even act utilitarianism as well, is inherently flawed. Instead of looking at the entire issue of is it moral to perform an act it shifts the focus to will performing such an act result in a net positive value instead of dealing with the social issue the person who posed the ethical question, utilitarianism deals with an unwieldy ethical system of bookkeeping. This is unsatisfactory because it skirts the real issue. Human ethics is not bookkeeping. Results of an act are important in evaluating the morality of an act, but this is only one part of the entire equations. Equally important, and oftentimes more important are other factors that ought to be considered: motive of the people involved, capabilities of those involved and the rights of those involved are essential ingredients in making ethical decisions and rule utilitarianism makes no allowance for these vital concerns. In fact, it is the question of the rights of Anna Fitzgerald that is central to this novel. It is these other factors that are most revealing and the most interesting from an ethical and sociological point of view. Summary of Paper: Rule utilitarian ethics is unable to establish the rule that using a PGD child to provide a transplant source for an older, critically ill child. This is due to rule utilitarianism ethics not being a particularly viable ethical system. The unwieldiness of trying to calculate the net good or bad makes rule utilitarianism impractical. In addition, rule utilitarianism fails to account for anything other than the results which are a small, uninteresting part of any ethical dilemma. This bookkeeping approach to ethics is inadequate. A moral dilemma is not easily solved and is never solved without considering, the agent, the act and the reasonably expect consequences of the act. It is for this reason that utilitarianism cannot, in fact, justify itself as an ethical system.

Recent The Most Interesting Narrative Essay Topics - Paperell.com

Recent The Most Interesting Narrative Essay Topics Recent The Most Interesting Narrative Essay Topics Chances are academic writing will not pass you by if you are attending any educational institution because the modern program of studies is pretty much based on written assignments of varying complexity and purposes. One of the most often tasks that you should face is an essay. Or we should say different types of essays, to be more specific.In fact, students of all schools, colleges, and universities have to deal with a huge load of different essays every week and, despite a common belief, one of the most challenging types of this task is a narrative essay. It usually sounds like a simple task. However, coping with it is not that easy because of numerous requirements and pitfalls that are waiting for a student when he is assigned to prepare such paper, and the first trouble comes along with the process of selecting a topic. How can it be difficult to choose a theme? Although it sounds exaggeratedly, selecting a good subject of your work is the recipe for your success as nothing influ ences your paper’s quality as much as the theme you have chosen! What should you do then? The easiest way to avoid troubles is to request help from a narrative essay writing service but here, we would like to give you some useful tips on how to pick a top-notch theme and will give you some fresh ideas to start with!Topics Ideas For Narrative EssayHow to pick one? Looking for your perfect topic for a narrative essay, you should take into account several moments including the following:Understanding of the task – the first step to finding a great theme is clarifying your task’s details (you will find a theme faster if you know the type of work, its volume, and general expectations of your teacher);Defining your goals – every type of work has different purpose and you need to keep it in mind as well;Look through the list of offered themes if you were provided with one;Keep your strengths and weaknesses in mind in order to avoid choosing a too complex subject .There are many other things to remember while making a choice. However, we are going to simplify the process a bit for you by providing you with this great list of the most interesting topics for a narrative essay.Your most precious childhood possessionFavorite childhood gameTell about the objects tell the story of your lifeBest friends from childhoodYour childhood role models and how they were changing as you were getting olderThe most memorable childhood memoriesWrite about an experience that helped you to grow upThe first day at school and your impressionFavorite subjects in middle schoolRole models among your first teachersTell about the most instructive experience from your teenage yearsThe most embarrassing situation you have experiencedAn experience that showed you real life valuesTell about a situation that changed your attitude to lifeWrite about your relationships with parents and how they changed over the yearsAn example of difficult decision you had to makeDescribe the morality problems that have ever bothered you and explain whyYour personal morality challenge – what was itWhat, in your opinion, is the reason why older generations misunderstand the younger ones?What can your peers teach the older generation?Write about a challenging life experience, which brought something good and was worth itTell about a character from history, movie or book that you can associate yourself withWrite about the most memorable beginning of a friendship or relationshipTell about the most emotionally difficult end of a friendship or relationshipTell about an experience that forced you to hide your racial or ethnic identityA situation when you really made parenting difficult for your parentsExperience of a comic or ridiculous misunderstanding with another personWrite about someone you are afraid to lose the mostWrite about a situation when you behaved like a real leaderWhat assumptions do people make about you?Your most right or wrong reaction to someoneâ€⠄¢s provocationShare an experience when, you believe, people who were â€Å"only trying to help† made everything even worseList top five issues that you are facing daily and explain what do you believe you can do to change this;Parents often have different standards and expectations for their daughters and sons: do you agree with this statement?Where would you go if you could spend only one day in any place of any year?What can you learn from other religions?The first day of your adult lifeThe most memorable moments at collegeThe places you want to visit in your lifeYour first visit to the countrysideShare the experience from your first journey abroadThe best vacation in your lifeThe difference between cultures of different countries that you have experienced (observed) yourselfTell about a weird encounter with a strangerHow to have more privacy online?What are your longtime interests or passions?A random act of kindness that you are proud ofIf you could choose where to be bo rn, which city or country would you pick and why;Imagine if you were an animal, which animal would it be and whyWhat would be your first purchase if you win a million?If you were a superhero, what superpower would you like to have and why?

10 Fascinating Facts About Fireflies and Lightning Bugs

10 Fascinating Facts About Fireflies and Lightning Bugs Fireflies or lightning bugs are from the family Coleoptera:Lampyridae, and they may well be our most beloved insect, inspiring poets and scientists alike.  Most importantly to remember, fireflies are neither flies nor bugs. Fireflies are actually beetles and there are 2,000 species on our planet. Here are other interesting facts about fireflies. The Flight of Fireflies Like all other beetles, lightning bugs have hardened forewings called elytra, which meet in a straight line down the back when at rest. In flight, fireflies hold the elytra out for balance, and rely on their membranous hindwings for movement. These traits place fireflies squarely in the order Coleoptera. Fireflies Are the Worlds Most Efficient Light Producers An incandescent light bulb gives off 90 percent of its energy as heat and only 10 percent as light, which is something you know if youve ever touched one thats been turned on for a while. If fireflies produced that much heat when they lit up, they would incinerate themselves. Fireflies produce light through an efficient chemical reaction called chemiluminescence that allows them to glow without wasting heat energy. For fireflies, 100 percent of the energy goes into making light; and accomplishing that flashing increases the firefly metabolic rates an astonishingly low 37 percent above resting values. Fireflies are bioluminescent, which means they are living creatures that can produce light. That trait is shared with only a handful of other terrestrial insects, such as click beetles and railroad worms. The light is used to attract prey and members of the opposite sex, and warn off predators. Lightning bugs taste bad to birds and other potential predators, so the warning signal is a memorable one to those that have sampled before. Fireflies Talk to Each Other Using Light Signals Fireflies dont put on those spectacular summer displays just to entertain us. Youre actually eavesdropping on the firefly singles bar. Male fireflies cruising for mates flash a species-specific pattern to announce their availability to receptive females. An interested female will reply, helping the male locate her where shes perched, often on low vegetation. Fireflies Are Bioluminescent Throughout Their Life Cycles We dont often see fireflies before they reach adulthood, so you may not know that fireflies glow in all life stages. Bioluminescence begins with the egg and is present throughout the entire lifecycle. In fact, all firefly eggs, larvae, and pupae known to science are capable of producing light. Some firefly eggs emit a faint glow when disturbed. The flashing part of fireflies is called a lantern, and the flashing is controlled by the firefly using neural stimulation and nitric oxide. The males often synchronize their flashes with one another during courtship, a capacity called entraining (responding to an external rhythm) once thought only possible in humans, but now recognized in several animals. Colors of firefly lights range widely among different species, from yellow-green to orange to turquoise to a bright poppy red. Fireflies Spend Most Their Lives As Larva The firefly begins life as a bioluminescent spherical egg. At the end of the summer, adult females lay about 100 eggs in soil or near the soil surface. The worm-like larva hatches out in three to four weeks and throughout the fall hunts prey using a hypodermic-like injection strategy similar to bees. Larvae spend the winter below ground in several types of earthen chambers. Some species spend more than two winters before pupating, in late spring, and they emerge as adults from their pupa after a period of 10 days to several weeks. Adult fireflies live only another two months, spending the summer mating and performing for us before laying eggs and dying. Not All Adult Fireflies Flash Fireflies are known for their blinking light signals, but not all fireflies flash. Some adult fireflies, most notably those that inhabit the western areas of North America, dont use light signals to communicate. Many people falsely believe that fireflies dont exist west of the Rockies since flashing populations are rarely seen there...but they do. Firefly Larvae Feed on Snails Firefly larvae are carnivorous predators, and their favorite food is escargot. Most firefly species inhabit moist, terrestrial environments, where they feed on snails or worms in the soil. But a few Asian species use gills to breathe underwater, where they eat aquatic snails or other mollusks. Some species are arboreal, and their larvae hunt tree snails. Some Fireflies Are Cannibals We dont know much about what adult fireflies eat. Most dont seem to feed at all, while some are believed to eat mites or pollen. We do know what Photuris fireflies eat, though- other fireflies. Photuris females enjoy munching on males of other genera. These well-known Photuris femme fatales use a trick called aggressive mimicry to make meals of other fireflies. When a male firefly of another genus flashes its light signal, the female Photuris firefly replies with the males flash pattern, suggesting she is a receptive mate of his own species. She continues luring him in, closer and closer, until hes within her reach. Then her meal begins. Adult female Photuris fireflies are also kleptoparasitic and can be seen feeding on a silk-wrapped Photinus species firefly (occasionally even one of its own kind) hanging in a spiders web. Epic battles can occur between the spider and the firefly. Sometimes the firefly can hold off the spider long enough to consume the silk-wrapped prey, sometimes the spider cuts the web and her losses, sometimes the spider catches the firefly and the prey and gets them both wrapped up in silk. Firefly Luciferase Is Used in Medical Research Scientists have developed remarkable uses for firefly luciferase in the research lab. Luciferase is the enzyme that produces bioluminescence in fireflies. It has been used as markers to detect blood clots, to tag tuberculosis virus cells, and to monitor hydrogen peroxide levels in living organisms; hydrogen peroxide is believed to play a role in the progression of some diseases, like cancer and diabetes. Fortunately, scientists can now use a synthetic form of luciferase for most research, so the commercial harvest of fireflies has decreased. Firefly populations are decreasing, and the search for luciferase is just one of the reasons. Climate change and modern construction have resulted in the loss of firefly habitats, and light pollution depresses the ability for fireflies to find mates and reproduce. Some Fireflies Synchronize Their Flash Signals Imagine thousands of fireflies lighting up at precisely the same time, over and over, from dusk to dark. This simultaneous bioluminescence, as it is called by scientists, occurs in just two places in the world: Southeast Asia and Great Smoky Mountains National Park, right here in the U.S. North Americas lone synchronous species, Photinus carolinus, puts on its light show in late spring each year. The most spectacular show is said to be the mass synchronous display of several Pteroptyx species in Southeast Asia. Masses of male fireflies congregate in groups (called leks) and in unison emit rhythmic courtship flashes. One hotspot for ecotourism is the Selangor River in Malaysia. Lek collective courting happens occasionally in American fireflies, but not for long periods. In the American Southeast, male members of the blue ghost firefly (Phausis reticulate) glow steadily as they fly slowly over the forest floor searching for females from about 40 minutes after sunset until midnight. Both sexes emit a long-lasting, nearly continuous glow in the forested regions of Appalachia. Annual tours to see the blue ghosts can be joined at state forests in South and North Carolina between April and July. Sources Buschman, Lawrent L. Biology of the Firefly Pyractomena Lucifera (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). The Florida Entomologist 67.4 (1984): 529–42. Print.-. Larval Biology and Ecology of Photuris Fireflies (Lampyridae: Coleoptera) in Northcentral Florida. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 57.1 (1984): 7–16. Print.Day, John C., Tim I. Goodall, and Mark J. Bailey. The Evolution of the Adenylate-Forming Protein Family in Beetles: Multiple Luciferase Gene Paralogues in Fireflies and Glow-Worms. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50.1 (2009): 93–101. Print.De Cock, Rapha, et al. Courtship and Mating in Phausis Reticulata (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Male Flight Behaviors, Female Glow Displays, and Male Attraction to Light Traps. The Florida Entomologist 97.4 (2014): 1290–307. Print.Faust, Lynn, et al. Thieves in the Night: Kleptoparasitism by Fireflies in the Genus Photuris Dejean (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 66.1 (2012): 1–6. Prin t.Lewis, Sara M., and Christopher K. Cratsley. Flash Signal Evolution, Mate Choice, and Predation in Fireflies. Annual Review of Entomology 53.1 (2008): 293–321. Print. Martin, Gavin J., et al. Total Evidence Phylogeny and the Evolution of Adult Bioluminescence in Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107 (2017): 564–75. Print.Moosman, Paul R., et al. Do Courtship Flashes of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Serve as Aposematic Signals to Insectivorous Bats? Animal Behaviour 78.4 (2009): 1019–25. Print.Wilson, Margaret, and Peter F. Cook. Rhythmic Entrainment: Why Humans Want to, Fireflies Can’t Help It, Pet Birds Try, and Sea Lions Have to Be Bribed. Psychonomic Bulletin Review 23.6 (2016): 1647–59. Print.