Amsterdam Company Essay Example for Free

capital of The Nether nations Company Essay headway 2Presented below is information related to Rembrandt Inc.s arsenal. (per unit)SkisBootsParkasHistorical Cost273.79152.7576.37Selling Price312.70208.95106.27Cost to distribute27.3811.533.60 authentic replacement terms292.52151.3173.49Normal profit margin46.1141.7930.62Determine the next research 3Matlock Company uses a perpetual inventory system. Its origination inventory consists of 67 units that equal $40 from each one. During June, the company procured 202 units at $40 each, returned 8 units for credit, and sold 168 units at $67 each. Journalize the June transactions.Question 4Amsterdam Company uses a periodic inventory system. For April, when the company sold 700 units, the spare-time activity information is available. Compute the April 30 inventory and the April follow of goods sold using the average cost mode.Question 5Amsterdam Company uses a periodic inventory system. For April, when the company sold 600 units, the following information is available. Compute the April 30 inventory and the April cost of goods sold using the firstly in first out method.Question 6(FIFO, LIFO, Average Cost Inventory)Esplanade Company was formed on December 1, 2011. The following information is available from Esplanades inventory renders for Product BAP.PurchasesUnitsUnit CostJanuary 1, 2012(beginning inventory)7628.00January 5, 20121,5249.00January 25, 20121,65110.00February 16, 20121,06111.00 touch 26, 201276212.00A physical inventory on March 31, 2012, shows 2,032 units on hand. name schedules to compute the ending inventory at March 31, 2012, infra each of the following inventory methods. Assume Esplanade Company uses the periodic inventory method.Question 7Floyd corporation has the following four items in its ending inventory. Determine the final land of cost or market inventory value for each item.Question 8Kumar Inc. uses a perpetual inventory system. At January 1, 2013, inventory was $320,786 at twain cost and market value. At December 31, 2013, the inventory was $428,714 at cost and $403,231 at market value. Prepare the necessary December 31 gateway underQuestion 9Boyne Inc. had beginning inventory of $15,000 at cost and $25,000 at retail. Net purchases were $150,000 at cost and $212,500 at retail. Net markups were $12,500 net markdowns were $8,750 and gross sales were $196,250. Compute ending inventory at cost using the conventional retail method.Question 10(Gross Profit Method)Astaire Company uses the gross profit method to estimate inventory for calendar monthly reporting purposes. Presented below is information for the month ofMay.Question 11Previn Brothers Inc. purchased land at a price of $30,400. Closing cost were $1,820. An old building was removed at a cost of $14,850. What amount should be recorded as the cost of the land?Question 12Garcia union purchased a truck by issuing an $108,000, 4-year, zero- involution-bearing note to Equinox Inc. The market rate of interest for obligations of this nature is 10%. Prepare the daybook entry to record the purchase of this truck.Question 13Mo go Inc. purchased land, building, and equipment from Laguna Corporation for a cash payment of $352,800. The estimated fair values of the assets are land $67,200, building $246,400, and equipment $89,600. At what amounts should each of the three assets be recorded?Question 14Fielder Company obtained land by issuing 2,000 shares of its $12 par value common stock. The land was recently appraised at $103,700. The common stock is actively traded at $50 per share. Prepare the journal entry to record the acquisition of the land.Question 15Navajo Corporation traded a used truck (cost $23,600, accumulated depreciation $21,240) for a small computer worth $4,366. Navajo also remunerative $1,180 in the transaction. Prepare the journal entry to record the exchange.Question 16Mehta Company traded a used welding machine (cost $10,080, accumulated depreciation $3,360) for o ffice equipment with an estimated fair value of $5,600. Mehta also compensable $3,360 cash in the transaction. Prepare the journal entry to record the exchange.Question 17Depreciation is normally computed on the basis of the nearestA). full month and to the nearest dollar.B). day and to the nearest cent.C). day and to the nearest dollar.D). full month and to the nearest cent.Question 18Fernandez Corporation purchased a truck at the beginning of 2012 for $54,180. The truck is estimated to nurture a salvage value of $2,580 and a useful life of 206,400 miles. It was driven 29,670 miles in 2012 and 39,990 miles in 2013. Compute depreciation write down for 2012 and 2013.Question 19Lockhard Company purchased machinery on January 1, 2012, for $79,200. The machinery is estimated to have a salvage value of $7,920 after a useful life of 8 years. (a) Compute 2012 depreciation expense using the double-declining balance method. (b) Compute 2012 depreciation expense using the double-declining balance method assuming the machinery was purchased on October 1, 2012.Question 20Jurassic Company owns machinery that cost $1,145,700 and has accumulated depreciation of $458,280. The expected future net cash flows from the use of the asset are expected to be $636,500. The fair value of the equipment is $509,200. Prepare the journal entry, if any, to record the impairment passing game.Question 21Everly Corporation acquires a coal mine at a cost of $501,600. Intangible development costs append $125,400. After extraction has occurred, Everly must restore the property (estimated fair value of the obligation is $100,320), after which it tolerate be sold for $200,640. Everly estimates that 5,016 tons of coal can be extracted. If 878 tons are extracted the first year, prepare the journal entry to record depletion.Question 22Francis Corporation purchased an asset at a cost of $58,200 on March 1, 2012. The asset has a useful life of 8 years and a salvage value of $5,820. For tax purpose s, the MACRS class life is 5 years. Compute tax depreciation for each year 20122017.Question 23Celine Dion Corporation purchases a patent from Salmon Company on January 1, 2012, for $50,820. The patent has a remaining legal life of 16 years. Celine Dion feels the patent will be useful for 10 years. Prepare Celine Dions journal entries to record the purchase of the patent and 2012 amortization.Question 24Karen Austin Corporation has capitalized software costs of $768,500, and sales of this product the first year totaled $390,630. Karen Austin anticipates earning $911,470 in additional future revenues from this product, which is estimated to have an economic life of 4 years. Compute the amount of software cost amortization for the first year. (a) Compute the amount of software cost amortization for the first year using the percent of revenue approach. (b) Compute the amount of software cost amortization for the first year using the straight-line approach.Question 25Jeff Beck is a farm er who owns land which borders on the right-of-way of the Northern Railroad. On August 10, 2012, ascribable to the admitted negligence of the Railroad, hay on the farm was set on fire and burned. Beck had had a dispute with the Railroad for several years concerning the ownership of a small parcel of land. The re usherative of the Railroad has offered to assign any rights which the Railroad may have in the land to Beck in exchange for a release of his right to reimbursement for the loss he has sustained from the fire. Beck appears inclined to accept the Railroads offer. The Railroads 2012 financial statements should include the following related to the incidentA). recognition of a loss only.B). creation of a liability only.C). disclosure in note form only.D). recognition of a loss and creation of a liability for the value of the land.Question 26Roley Corporation uses a periodic inventory system and the gross method of accounting for purchase discounts. On July 1, Roley purchased $66 ,000 of inventory, terms 2/10, n/30, FOB shipping point. Roley paid freight costs of $1,210. On July 3, Roley returned damaged goods and received credit of $6,600. On July 10, Roley paid for the goods. Prepare all necessary journal entries for Roley.Question 27Takemoto Corporation borrowed $93,000 on November 1, 2012, by signing a $95,093, 3-month, zero-interest-bearing note. Prepare Takemotos November 1, 2012, entry the December 31, 2012, yearly adjusting entry and the February 1, 2013, entry. (For multiple debit/credit en tries, list amounts from largest to smallest, e.g. 10, 8, 6. Round all answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 11,150.)Question 28Whiteside Corporation issues $629,000 of 9% bonds, due in 14 years, with interest payable semiannually. At the time of issue, the annual market rate for such bonds is 10%. Compute the issue price of the bonds.(Use the present value tables in the text.Question 29Indiana Jones Company enters into a 6-year lease of equipment on January 1, 2012, which requires 6 annual payments of $37,560 each, beginning January 1, 2012. In addition, the lessee guarantees a sleep value of $20,870 at lease-end. The equipment has a useful life of 6 years. Assume that for Lost Ark Company, the lessor, collectibility is reasonably predictable, there are no important uncertainties concerning costs, and the carrying amount of the machinery is $191,722. Prepare Lost Arks January 1, 2012, journal entries.Question 30On January 1, 2012, Irwin Animation sold a truck to Peete Finance for $26,050 and immediately leased it back. The truck was carried on Irwins books at $20,800. The term of the lease is 5 years, and title transfers to Irwin at lease-end. The lease requires five equal rental payments of $7,048 at the end of each year. The appropriate rate of interest is 11%, and the truck has a useful life of 5 years with no salvage value. Prepare Irwins 2012 journal entries.

Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

Charles fiend EssayGreat Expectations, written by Charles Dickens, is one of the most popular classics of our time. Dickens novel was, some may say the discipline of a genius. The tale is of a boy who starts from humble beginnings and whom the story follows through to young adulthood each entering a new experience for the boy. Charles Dickens wrote the novel in 1860-61. He was born into a respected middle class family, in Charlton. He incorporated local features and happenings into his books when he could. His father went into debt and past prison after his finances collapsed.The rest of the family had to go to, so Charles spent time in prison. This is where Charles Dickens got some of his inspiration for his book. He eventually died at the age of fifty-eight from a stroke and was buried in his local churchyard. Chapter eight is an essential part of the book because it conveys a clear image of the characters constitution and is a key part for the rest of the story. I will l ook in Chapter 8, where Pip goes to see misplace Havishams house for the first time, for a summate of different techniques and devices which the writer uses to make us feel sympathy for Pip.Charles Dickens starts making the reader feel spicy for Pip when he and Mr Pumblechoke arrive at the gates, and Estella greets them. They completely over look Pip. This shows that Pip is unessential and insignificant. This, said Mrs Pumblechoke, is Pip This is Pip, is it? returned the young lady come in Oh she says, you wish to see lose Havisham? If drop Havisham wishes to se me. Returned Mr Pumblechoke. As you can see, from this initial conversation, Pip does not have the opportunity to introduce himself. This shows that he is considered to be insignificant, even though it was he who Miss Havisham had sent to see.This makes the reader feel condolence for Pip because it is as if people dont care about him. After the initial conversation, when Pip was marched inside with Estella, Estella s tarts to patronise Pip, which makes us feel sorry for him. But dont loiter, boy Though she called me boy so often, and with a carelessness that was far from complimentary, she was about my own age. She seemed much older than, of course, existence a girl, and a beautiful and self-possessed and she was as scornful of me as if she had been one and twenty, and a queenThis paragraph shows us that Pip is already picture downhearted about Estella constantly making him feel bad. Even though Estella was about the same age as Pip, she considers herself to be wiser, more mature and slackly above Pips level. This is showed in the film by Estella being taller than Pip and looking down on him making her think herself bigger than him. This makes the reader feel harmonized towards Pip because it is his first visit to Miss Havishams. He is evidently nervous and anxious, and having someone of his own age being scornful towards him, his self-confidence just breaks.The trey time in chapter eight t hat the reader is made to feel sorry for Pip is when Pip was left in the hallway on his own with no light. Scornfully walked away, and what was worse took the candle with her. This was very uncomfortable and I was half afraid This makes the reader feel sympathetic for Pip because he is portrayed as being vulnerable. Estella leads Pip into the house and to a door, and was proclaimed by Estella to go in. Pip declines and returns with after you miss. Estella telling him not to be so stupid and contemptuously walks off with the light.You would think that now Estella had gone, his situation would have improved but this is not the case. He is about to embark on his first meeting with Miss Havisham, making him hesitant and nervous. His confidence is not helped by standing outside the door in darkness, with no candle. Pip is now viewed as being vulnerable. soon after Pip swallows his pride and opens the withered and wrecked door handle. No glimpse of daylight was to be seen in it. It wa s a dressing room, as I supposed from the furniture, though much of it was of forms and uses quite unknown of to mePip enters through the door and is met by a milky white room. Although well lit by candle. There is antiqued furniture, all of which added to the mood, as if nobody had lived there for quite some time. The clocks had also stopped at twenty minutes to nine. The reader then feels sympathetic towards Pip because of his already nervous state being placed in an eerie, scary atmosphere, which seems unnatural to the poor boy. The reader once again feels sorry for Pip when he is ordered to play cards with Estella, for Miss Havishams viewing. Estella once again starts to be obnoxious towards Pip.

Analysis Of The Korean War History Essay

Analysis Of The Korean War History EssayThe KoreanWar was a military machine action amid north and South Korea for the unifying of the Korean peninsula some(prenominal) countries have had different ideological agenda under westernern and east ideological power. The republic of Korea (South Korea) was supported by the united nation, NATO, and the USA on the other hand, the democratic people republic of Korea (North Korea) was supported by china and the Soviet Union.The Korean War was a war of west versus the east different philosophy and consideration, but fought faraway from the major superpower mainland. A war considered as an embarrassment for the international community, many lives were harvested and it did started and ended with accomplishing nothing from the unifying. The Korean peninsula was occupied by the japaneses for almost 35 years under an iron fest till the obliterate of the Japanese in the World War II in 1945.Korean conflict,With Japan on the tremble to surrend er, it was necessary for the superpowers to agree upon a future Asiatic policy that can both assure security for superpower nations and spread principles and influence over strategic zones in the pacific. After the Hiroshima atomic bomb Japan was completely under the US influence which made the soviet deliberate the advantage of occupying Korea, which in adjacent to the communist alley china.At the Potsdam conference, the USA, made plans to invade the Japanese mainland and they have been more than happy to leave Manchuria and Korea to the Soviet Union. But now with war actually coming to sudden end , US urgently reassessed its future interest in Asia and came rapidly to a decision that America must share with the USSR the occupation of Korea (Jeremy Isaacs Taylor Downing, 2008), therefore both soviet union and the USA agree to secure the Korean peninsula by dividing it to north and second using the 38th parallel, and that the USSR shall occupy the north next to it ally china and the US the south, Korea polarized as the ii power blocs north and south (Jeremy Isaacs Taylor Downing, 2008). Each countries started to execute the viewpoint systems of their dominate as a consequence in the south foremost nationalist and members of the anti Japanese resistance had formed a provisional government but at least half of them were communist therefore US and the UN called for a set-apart election in which USSR and the communist party disapproved it and boycotted , US government preferred to support a conservative group that was made up of professionals and those educated in America or by American missionaries (Jeremy Isaacs Taylor Downing, 2008).The American had their nominee, Rhee, whom considered a significant assets since he was educated in America and was not tented by the relationship with the Japanese but he was tenaciously against the communist. On the other hand the USSR had, Kim, who opposed the Japanese and participated with the red Armey in the WWII, he w as known for viciously putting strike down all opposition to communist rule. As a result Rhee and his party won the election pole against the communist in the south which escalated the tension between the two Koreas at that time the 38th parallel became an official political border between the south and the north, the communist and the capitalist. As tense increased both sides of the Korean peninsula made major infiltration across the border, in the south communist activist were arrested and imprisoned furthermore in the north anti-communist where put down. therefore USSR and US tactically withdrawals from their military zones at the front line leaving only advisors.In China, Mao Ze Dong, have successes in winning the civil war and forming a communist Chinese republic. Maos reviled that the west and America are chines biggest nightmare mentioning the years of humiliation china faced under the last dyne sty of Chinese empire and the colonelcies era of china. The Chinese soviet frien dship relation lunched then a new chapter in the cold war I Asia leaving US provoking danger through this relation specially after the soviet successes into breaking the atomic monopoly of the USA, as quoted by Charles Murphy , president Truman special apprize in his respond to the scenarios that might goes, what I read scared me so much that the next day I did not go to the office at all , I sat at home and read this memo over and over wondering what in the world to do about it (Jeremy Isaacs Taylor Downing, 2008).The war,The direct of unifying Korea was the essential passionate for both Korean leaders however Kim was more greatly obsessive about it because of the corrupted Rhee government and non-match able military experience. Kremlin was always anxious for the US response also Stalin sought after to respect the mutual treaty with the US, however the crises in Berlin plus to the communist conquest in china along with the equivalence atomic power of the US-Soviet stimulated a new calculation that the US response will be conservatively measured, Mao Ze Dong, responded to this permission that US would not start a third war over such a elfin territory (Jeremy Isaacs Taylor Downing, 2008) .June, 25, 1950 an astonishing beset from the North Korean military into the South Korean border, the unmatchable soviet tank and military equipments forced the South Korean forces to withdraw fast for not being able to meet the confront. Immediately the US and the UN requested the international community to condemn the attack and appealed for sending forces into South Korea a pack which challenged by protest from the soviet and Chinese behave. The absence of the soviet from the UN meeting allowed the call to pass.Kim, Mao, and Stalin were surprised from the response of the USA to fight over a small area. However the American did not see it this way, they distinguish a threat for their national security and international order also they predict a deem of the communi st ideology which they had to stop, President Truman quoted we are fighting for our national security and our survival (Jeremy Isaacs Taylor Downing, 2008).June, 28, 1950 after three days from the beginning of the invasion North Korean army entered Seoul, the US army number one battalion under the command of general MacArthur landed in Osan tackling the Korean army whom equipped with soviet tools, the first American in the cold war to confront a communist directly were small members unit deployed in the hills near the Korean town Osan (Jeremy Isaacs Taylor Downing, 2008), they concur defeat which was a disaster news to Washington whom ordered general Mac Arthur to send larger troops and start an air strike and dark blue bombardments. In the first military confrontation of the cold war, solders of the most powerful nation on earth had been humiliated by the soviet equipped troops from a tiny country (Jeremy Isaacs Taylor Downing, 2008), the only success for the UN-US forces we re by air strike however kim troops contunied to push the allied forces to the southern corner close to a city of Pusan.September, 1950 massive bombardement by the US navy ehich lead north Korean army to trumple, the situation turned in fevaor of the UN-US.rhee and general MacArthur mulish to librate the capital seoul first after that they can marsh towards the 38th paraelle . in few weeks both Rhee and the general aimed to re-unite korea quating we have not got this far to stop where the fight began (Jeremy Isaacs Taylor Downing, 2008).October, 1950 US troops crossed the 38th paraelle and advanced into communist territory, pyonyang falls the only communist capital ever to fall to the west in cold war (Jeremy Isaacs Taylor Downing, 2008),as a result china determine to help north korea.November, 1950 chinese lunched intact scal asult against US-UN troops, USA wanted to avoid full confortation with china and they also did not want to inviate stailn to the war.therefore they withd rawls to the 38th paraelle line.War tragedyFor the two superpowers shows of power ability and military thousands of US and chines solders were sacrificed , both north and south korea lost up to a million in death soldiers and civilians. Koreans economy were disastress and te result is what.

Senses Truth

Senses TruthSensesYour backbones ar the inner creation of our souls and that is what needs to be used first and foremost. Trust buttocks be overturned and emotions be deceiving/ Our senses tell us when some amour is wrong and if we chose to ignore our senses and faith what someone is telling us we can end up being hurt and if we go on emotions boy, children force hurt many times when they feel that bad and trust that a bad person with a sob story get out tell them. NO we need to trust our sensesTricky question FIRST, we harbor to be tot everyy AWARE of our senses what they make us feel like and what they mean. Emotions are quite a bit harder to truly understand. When a person IS totally aware of their senses, then it is burning(prenominal) to trust them at all times. Emotions should be acted on only after you really understand them, so trusting them automati skirty is not constantly wise.The senses never smash us truth they give us data. Truth is not something we sens e, it is something we recognize. Truth is a state of being. Accuracy of the data imparted by the senses is pretty reli adequate to(p), however our interpretation of that data is many times in error. Emotion is the bodys reaction to thought. We can trust the information that emotion imparts only as far as we have been able to become aware of how it operates in our lives. All emotion is giving us information about ourselves and is best dealt with acceptance for what it is. Knowing the real message of our emotions as opposed to just reacting with them is the posting of how much one can trust his emotions.Most of the time, only when not always. Because if youre hopped up on pills, well then your senses really wont be all that reliable.The question is askew. Rephrase, -when should we trust our senses in rooting out a lie-. Our senses work best in onerous to prove if something violates our knowledge of reality, not if what we know is absolutely sure, but rather if a new truth violates known truths, and the old ways remain the way. Previous experience with our senses let us know that something is fishy. We may not know the truth per say, but we know crap on velcro when we smell it.When I feel on that points something is wrong, theres a truth to it. When I barbaric I cant stand any more then I should let go.Our greatest enemy is ourself including our senses. What we feel sometimes kills us or telling us what will come ahead. We should know when to trust our senses and when not to.the truth is what we sense,different sense got different truth,but is is all based on what we SENSE,and SENSING is the nature who know ITSELF,SO completely IS TRUTH. EVEN ILLUSION IS THE TRUTH OF SOMETHING REALLY EXIST BEHIND THE SENSING.I strongly guess in trusting ur instincts ur inner voice. But u should as well take into account the evidence the clues around us.hey guys im going to do my ToK try on on When should we trust our senses to give us truth? (2)Some ideas ive got so far is defining truth . how sense perception is how we see the world and the way we interpret it might be flawed and so what we take to be true could be false I cannot really come up with any examples of WHEN we should trust our senses to give us the truth because i dont really believe senses give us the truth ( except for when my milk is really hot or cold but again that is with respect to me, might be the opposite for some other) .. i withdraw senses just gives us raw information tht we then process through our knowledge and come up with what we believe is true but is what we believe to be true really true? yeah am i heading in the right direction with this essay? any help comprehendedhey i am doing the afore finded(prenominal) topic yea i conceive ur in d right direction..start by defining truth (this can get philosophical) and then the senses namely sight, smell, touch, hearing and taste. The functioning of all these senses together may give u sum truth (again, what is trut h) but isnt truth based on our own perception? the best example for reasoning that i came up with is belief in god. we dont see him, hear him, feel him, etc. but we lock away believe in him. Now wat causes this? It is the faith and for us it becomes the ultimate truth. then wat if u hav a cold? can u still trust ur sense of smell?just emphasize on small everyday examples..it should b fine. Glad to help. Keep me posted if u hva any other ideasI think youre heading in the right direction For TOK essays I have found that you dont have to come up with an answer, you just have to debate the topic (because when is there ever an answer in philosophy?) Somehow, you should relate it back to knowledge. Research the philosopher A.J. Ayer and his concept of warrant true belief basically, for something to be known it has to be believed, justify (by the senses perhaps) and true. The difficulty is proving whether something is true (science, for example, never proves anything just supports it). Then, theres the whole spiral of how to test the accuracy of your senses (or any other way of knowing) how do you then test the accuracy of the method you use to test whether your senses were accurate, and then how do you test this method etc. There is another theory of knowledge known as justified reliablism where for a knowledge claim to be knowledge it has to be believed, true and justified according to a reliable cognitive process there is a lot of debate over what constitutes a reliable cognitive process and in situation about whether the senses are trust deservingy enough to be this process. Its worth a research.The question seems to be rooted in a similar question from last year Are some ways of knowing more likely to lead to the truth than others? If you could get hold of some of these essays you would definitely get some idea of how to tackle this question (Just dont misuse them using same examples, etc.). If you ask nicely, I can email you my response to that very qu estion.TruthI hav a question definin truth n al that is fine but isnt the topic suppose to be around when can v trust the senses..to giv us truthTrue, and that is what the essay should focus on, but at the beginning of your essay you need to define your terms. There is no point writing an essay that no-one understands. When I say define truth, I mean briefly take a paragraph or so and the beginning of your essay to define stuff (knowledge, truth, just some of the more abstract concepts that youll be dealing with)TRUTH is CREATED as part of a biological process. It can be understood in terms of DEVELOPMENT, ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, and PHYSIOLOGY.As we transfer information we learn about the world (lets call it reality) into ourselves by means of whatever sensory abilities we can bring to bear, we are right to question and test our percxeptions to establish the validity and dependability of our experiences and the beliefs they engender. Is there a difference between the real world (rea lity) and what we think we know about it (truth) We are all concerned about what is true and what is not with what is real. Do we always perceive what we think we do? How far can we trust our senses? (read Plato on this point) Scientists that explore the boundaries of what is known of the world are especially wary. They are a good deal confronted with information for which there is little or no precedent to guide their judgment about the meaning of their data. For example, having an emotional investment in a particular outcome of an experiment is a notorious source of unconscious bias. The objectivity of a researcher is highly admired as is their efforts to assure the validity and reliability of their data.Never, our senses are deceiving. There is no constant formula to our senses. It what makes it so hard for us to observe things clearly, to gain a sense of reality. We shall never be able to perceive something from other peoples viewpoints, ergo we shall never have a shared opini on. If anything, we can only rely on mathematics and reason. It is the most universal thing we have.Your senses, sight, hearing etc always give you the truth, they are incapable of anything else. The problem is, how do you interpret the evidence. There are books on optical fast ones but if you know its an illusion it easy to see the trickery. If you dont know its an illusion you can be fooled, so be cautious.its what you perceive as truth till you certifyn different..for example..when we ask mommie and daddy where do babies come from and you get the ole stork storyyou find out laterya know?1. When they corroborate with what we logically reason.2. Whenever they do not contradict themselves, or the past.3. Whenever you are sensible, alert, and at rest. As examples, being drunk or high does not count as this.4. At all times. You can trust your senses They simply pick up what is around us5. Never. Do not trust your senses They are fooled far too easilyAny time that truth can be indepe ndently verified by evidence, sound logic, science, etc.True of false exists only in our language. There is a commonly told joke of a man impulsive on a two laned roadway. A beautiful woman drives past him going the other way in a convertible. As she goes by she leans out and yells, PIG. The man is visibly upset and starts thinking, Why did she call me a pig? I dont even know this woman. Maybe I met her and dont really remember her face? He continues driving as hes having these thoughts. As he rounds a bend in the road, he runs into a huge pig standing in the road. So all that happend was she let loose pig. There was nothing true of false in what she did. But his interpretation of her actionthat she called him a pigwas not related to the reality of what happened. Even had he thought she was trying to warn him, that would only have been one possible interpretation and may not have been any more true than the interpretation the shes calling him a pig.when we are using our senses sol ely for the material sides of things, and we feel certain that we would have the agreement of most or all rational observers over what we sense.In a rational state of mind, a car seen approaching should be taken as a real event.find that strictly scientific people have problems straying from their scientific rigor in ToK. You must find a way to diverge from this science thing and salvage a balanced essay. gravely say what I always do in these ToK threads. Find something one end of the spectrum such as Math/Science and then find another AoK to contrast it with such as Art/Ethics etc. I dont believe we should ever trust our senses to give us truth. Why do you think we have created so much advanced machinery that can perceive what we cannot, to give us reliable knowledge? Did your teacher not show you psychological illusions to show how awful our perception and senses are? The bottom line is that we should rarely trust our senses to give us truth, but unfortunately they are all we ha veOur senses are how we view the outside world. Without them, we would be swearless. I then gave a few examples of animals trusting senses with their lives senses are used to understand the outside world, the world that is foreign from our bodies. However, our senses can be deceived, like a magic trick. Also, there are some spectras of light that our human eye cannot see. So therefore, we cant trust our senses to give us ALL the info. Then I defined truth and linked it with the information that our senses gave. Then I stated that perhaps what we see may not be what we see after all, just what we call it. Hence, I am typing on a computer, or more accurately, I am communicating my ideas to you on a object I call a computer, whether it be it or not. The latter would be more true than the former. Quote Rene Descartes and describe the Matrix-effect. Then conclude. huckster remember what I got exactly, but I remember I did really well. Hope it helps.I think one big way of knowing to l ecture about in this title would be perception and the problems with perception, how perception are subjective/biased? and can be deceived. But as you said its important to focus on the WHEN of perception, not the WHETHER.Tok essays are about 4 thingsdefining the wordsarguing against what you thinkarguing for what you thinkconcluding that what you think is writewith a sprinkling of areas of knowledge throughout2bh ur question doesnt seem very TOKey, it doesnt lend itself to any specific area of knowledge.relate truth to truth in science and maths or 2 other areas of knowledge.for example in science we see common salt dissappear when it goes into water, but if we evaporate off the water than the salt will still be there. what we observe is something dissaperaing but the truth (scientific truth) is that the salt dissolves due to etc etc scientific explanation.i submitted this essay yesterday.. it had the same question to answer..you just mention in the main body a bit about the argu ment between believing in senses or not with evidences and the say when we must trust them .. i wrote that we trust them when it seems logical for example when u put a draw in a cup of water then observe the pencil broken because of refraction,, then in this case u dont believe in it because u can easily use another sense which is touch to check.. thats what i wrote i dont know if its right or not .. but nothing is wrong in TOK.. right..? think so just give alot of examples in ur essay.. hope ive helped..

Effect of Glucocorticoids on Serum Level of Omentin-1

Effect of Glucocorticoids on Serum Level of Omentin-1Effect of glucocorticoids on blood blood serum take aim of omentin-1 and the possible tie in with insulin resistance in ratsKhaled Abdelfattah Abdelhamid AbulfadleABSTRACT flat coat Omentin-1 is an adipokine that falloffs insulin resistance and its level is affected by soundbox burden and serum adiponectin level changes, while, glucocorticoids are steroid hormones, secreted by adrenal cortex, affected insulin resistance, automobile trunk exercising free free charge and serum level of adiponectin.Objective This analyse was designed to investigate the possible effect of glucocorticoids on serum level of omentin-1 in male albino rats and the possible link with insulin resistance.Design 30 adult male albino rats, weightinessing 190-230 gm, were divided into three mathematical conferences each of which included 10 rats envision, dexamethasone treated (Hyper-C) and metyrapone treated (Hypo-C). In (Hyper-C) assemblage, r ats were injected with dexamethasone (1mg/kg/ daytime intra peritoneal) for twain weeks. In (Hypo-C) collection, metyrapone was administered orally dissolved in saline (200 mg/kg soundbox weight) for two weeks. In the insure chemical theme, median(prenominal) saline was injected intraperitoneally (1 ml/rat/day) for two weeks. Rats were kept fasting for 8 hours and then, sacrificed under ether anesthesia by decapitation. Blood samples were collected and sera were separated and serum levels of omentin-1, corticosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, glucose and insulin were estimated. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated by calculation of the homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index. Body weights were measured at the start ( sign body weight) of the strike and just before rats being sacrificed (final body weight).Results thither was a substantial increase in body weight in Hyper-C ag chemical group final weight (235.83.28), but, at that place was a large decrease in body weight in Hypo-C group final weight (2003.22) in equation to that of control group final weight (2172.85). On the other hand, in that respect was a crucial increase in serum levels of both glucose and insulin in Hyper-C group (237.810.4) and (4.880.16) in equivalence to that in the control group (96.91.5) and (2.150.07) respectively. On the contrary, in that respect was a epoch-making decrease in serum levels of both glucose and insulin in Hypo-C group (72.22.2) and (1.280.1) in comparison to that in the Hyper-C group (237.810.4) and (4.880.16) respectively. Moreover, in that respect was a significant decrease in HOMA-IR in the Hypo-C group (0.250.02) in comparison to that in the Hyper-C group (2.880.17). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in serum omentin-1 level in Hyper-C group (14.50.47) but, a significant increase in its serum level in Hypo-C group (26.580.5) in comparison to that in the control group (210.35). On other hand, there were negative correla tional statisticss in the Hyper-C group between serum omentin-1 and serum level of both insulin (R= -0.6, P appraise= 0.07) and corticosterone (R= -0.22, P Value= 0.54), respectively.Conclusion The outcomes of this study whitethorn explain a novel mechanism by which glucocorticoids cause insulin resistance and this is by dint of the regulation of serum level of omentin-1. Also, the results affirm presence of a link between serum levels of both glucocorticoids and omentin-1 which is mostly the change in body weight and this confirmed the importance of body weight control on glucose homeostasis.Keywords Omentin-1, Metyrapone, Dexamethasone, Glucose, Insulin resistance, ACTH, Corticosterone.IntroductionOmentin-1 is an adipocytokine, 35-kDa protein with 313 amino acids, that is expressed in visceral adipose tissue, endothelial cells, and, small intestine, and has insulin-sensitizing effects (Yang, Lee et al. 2006, Grsoy, Krnap et al. 2010, Chen, Shang et al. 2017). It has a preferr ed expression in visceral (omental) fat tissue (Yang, Xu et al. 2003). Two isoforms of Omentin are known, Omentin-1 and Omentin-2 Omentin-1 is the main circulating form (de Souza Batista, Yang et al. 2007, Zorlu, Kiskac et al. 2017). Omentin increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in humankind adipocytes in vitro and its expression in visceral adipose tissue is reduced in obesity and insulin resistance (Yang, Lee et al. 2006, de Souza Batista, Yang et al. 2007, Smitka and Maresova 2015). Brunetti, Orlando et al. (2013) stated that Omentin-1 has a central orexigenic function. Recently, Oswiecimska, Suwala et al. (2015) describe that serum omentin correlated negatively with serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index and they concluded that omentin is the nutritional marker reflecting body weight and insulin resistance. Herder, Ouwens et al. (2015) stated that omentin indirectly increased insulin sensitiveness done adiponectin upregulation. On the other h and, Lee, Schnee et al. (2001) declared that excess of cortisol increases growth of visceral fat depots. Also, Morgan, Sherlock et al. (2009) stated that cortisol induced insulin resistance. Moreover, Purnell, Kahn et al. (2009) found that increased blood cortisol caused obesity and increased insulin resistance. Furthermore, Zhuang, Zhao et al. (2009) stated that although, visceral adipose tissue produced a large amount of omentin yet, its ingredient expression is reduced in visceral fat depot of obese subjects. Also, CTOI, SUCIU et al. (2014) declared that omentin-1 enhanced adipocytes insulin-stimulated glucose uptake with no intrinsic insulin mimicking activity. Moreover, ElMesallamy, ElDerany et al. (2011) stated that omentin level was lessen in overweight, impaired glucose regulation and diabetes type 2 patients. Furthermore, de Souza Batista, Yang et al. (2007) found that Omentin-1 plasma levels were positively correlated with the plasma adiponectin and inversely correlated with insulin resistance. Adiponectin is a known insulin-sensitizing adipokine (Kadowaki, Yamauchi et al. 2006) and its levels land to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) while its high levels increase insulin sensitivity (Singh, Akhtar et al. 2012). Positive correlation of omentin-1 with adiponectin levels has been reported in patients with obesity and T2DM (de Souza Batista, Yang et al. 2007, Yan, Liu et al. 2011). On the other hand, glucocorticoids were found to decrease serum adiponectin level (Shi, Du et al. 2010). As glucocorticoids affect body weight, adiponectin level and insulin resistance, thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of changes in serum glucocorticoid, corticosterone, levels on serum omentin and to identify the possible link between glucocorticoids, omentin and insulin resistance and up to our knowledge there is no study confirmed this link.Materials and methodsAnimals preparations and experimental communications pro tocol30 adult male albino rats, weighting 190-230 gm, were purchased from the animal house of Zagazig University and were housed at 20-22C on a 12-h light-dark cycle and for 5 days, to achieve acclimatization, they were supplied with tap water supply and a standard chow diet. Then, the rats were divided into three groups each of which included 10 rats control, dexamethasone treated (Hyper-C) and metyrapone treated (Hypo-C). In (Hyper-C) group, rats were injected with dexamethasone (1mg/kg/day intra peritoneal) for two weeks (Burn, Lai et al. 2008). In (Hypo-C) group, metyrapone was used to induce hypocortism. It was administered orally dissolved in saline (200 mg/kg body weight) for two weeks (Miyamoto, Mitani et al. 1999). Adrenal cortex zona fasciculata cells contain glucocorticoid synthesizing enzyme, cytochrome P-45011, which is essential for synthesis of corticosterone in rats. Metyrapone, an inhibitor of the P-45011dependent l1-hydroxylase reaction was used to inhibit cortico sterone synthesis (Miyamoto, Mitani et al. 1998). Metyrapone-treated rats were given 0.9% sodium chloride along with drinking water to jog the loss of mineralocorticoids and thereby the ionic loss (Miyamoto, Mitani et al. 1999). In the control group, normal saline was injected intraperitoneally (1 ml/rat/day) for two weeks. Just after the end of the two weeks, the rats were kept fasting for 8 hours and then, sacrificed under ether anesthesia by decapitation.Body weight changes among antithetical groupsBody weights of the used rats were measured in the divers(prenominal) groups, initially at the start of the study (initial body weight) and finally at the end of the study just prior to being sacrificed by decapitation (final body weight).Measurement of serum parametersFrom all groups, blood samples were collected and sera were separated and stored at -20oC. An automated analyzer (YSI 2300 YSI Life Sciences, Yellow Springs, OH) was used to measure serum glucose through glucose oxida se method. Also, ELISA kits (RD Systems, Minneapolis, MN) were used to estimate serum insulin. For evaluation of insulin resistance (IR), the homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index was calculated by this equationHOMA-IR = (Nayak, Hillemane et al. 2014).The index value is interpreted as follows when the value of HOMA-IR increased, insulin resistance increased, which means decreased insulin sensitivity (Bonora, Targher et al. 2000). Thus, in order to know changes in insulin resistance among different groups, the value of the HOMA-IR index was compared among them. Serum omentin-1, ACTH and corticosterone levels were quantitated using commercially available ELISA kits as per manufacturers instructions (RayBiotech, Inc. Catalog No. EIAR-OME), (Sigma-Aldrich, Catalog No. SE120080) and (Assaypro LLC, Catalog No. EC3001-1) respectively.Statistical analysisBy the use of IBM SPSS Statistics for windows package version (24), data were analyzed and described as Mean SEM. For calculat ion of the statistical significance, One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc test for duple group comparison were used. P0.05 indicated significance.Results instrument panel-1 Body weight (in gm) changes among different groupsControlInitial body weight205.52.64Final body weight2172.85aHyper-CInitial body weight208.33.81a cFinal body weight235.83.28b, d eHypo-CInitial body weight2133.57a, c, f gFinal body weight2003.22a, d, f, g hData was expressed as MeanSEM. a P0.05 in comparison to the control group (initial body weight). b P0.05 in comparison to the control group (final body weight). d P0.05 in comparison to the Hyper-C group (initial body weight). g P0.05 in comparison to the Hyper-C group (final body weight).Table (1) showed changes in body weights of the used rats among different groups at the start (initial body weight) and just before rats being sacrificed (final body weight). In comparison to the control group initial body weight (205.52.64), there was a significant incre ase in body weight in the Hyper-C group finally (235.83.28), but, there were undistinguished changes in body weight of the remaining groups. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in body weight in Hyper-C group final weight (235.83.28), but, there was a significant decrease in body weight in Hypo-C group final weight (2003.22) in comparison to that of control group final weight (2172.85). Also, there were unimportant changes in body weight in both Hyper-C group initial weight (208.33.81) and Hypo-C group initial weight (2133.57) in comparison to that of control group final weight (2172.85). Moreover, there was a significant increase in body weight in Hyper-C group final weight (235.83.28) in comparison to that of Hyper-C group initial weight (208.33.81), although, there were insignificant changes in body weight in both Hypo-C group initial weight (2133.57) and Hypo-C group final weight (2003.22) in comparison to that of Hyper-C group initial weight (208.33.81). Furth ermore, there was a significant decrease in body weight in both Hypo-C group initial weight (2133.57) and Hypo-C group final weight (2003.22) in comparison to that of Hyper-C group final weight (235.83.28). Finally, there were insignificant changes in body weight in Hypo-C group final weight (2003.22) in comparison to that of Hypo-C group initial weight (2133.57). Table (2) showed changes in serum level of omentin-1, glucose, insulin, ACTH and corticosterone among different groups. Also, it showed changes in HOMA-IR among them. Regarding serum levels of corticosterone among different groups, there was a significant increase in its level in Hyper-C group (96.372.52), but a significant decrease in its level in Hypo-C group (8.080.32) in comparison to that in the control group (36.041.22). On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in serum level of corticosterone in Hypo-C group (8.080.32) in comparison to that in the Hyper-C group (96.372.52). On studying serum levels of ACT H, there was a significant decrease in its level in Hyper-C group (26.150.84), but a significant increase in its level in Hypo-C group (77.11.53) in comparison to that in the control group (46.751.2). On the other hand, there was a significant increase in serum level of ACTH in Hypo-C group (77.11.53) in comparison to that in the Hyper-C group (26.150.84). Regarding serum level of both glucose and insulin, there was a significant increase in serum level of both of them in Hyper-C group (237.810.4) and (4.880.16) in comparison to that in the control group (96.91.5) and (2.150.07) respectively. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in serum level of both glucose and insulin in Hypo-C group (72.22.2) and (1.280.1) in comparison to that in the Hyper-C group (237.810.4) and (4.880.16) respectively. On other hand, on studying HOMA-IR among different groups, there was a significant increase in its value in Hyper-C group (2.880.17), but, there was an insignificant decrease in it in the Hypo-C group (0.250.02) in comparison to that in the control group (0.510.01). On the contrary, there was a significant decrease in HOMA-IR in the Hypo-C group (0.250.02) in comparison to that in the Hyper-C group (2.880.17). On studying serum omentin-1 level among different groups, there was a significant decrease in its serum level in Hyper-C group (14.50.47), but, there was a significant increase in its serum level in Hypo-C group (26.580.5) in comparison to the control group (210.35). Also, there was a significant increase in serum omentin-1 in Hypo-C group (26.580.5) in comparison to the Hyper-C group (14.50.47). traffic pattern (1 AB) showed negative correlations in the Hyper-C group between serum omentin-1 and both serum insulin (R= 0.6, P Value= 0.07) and serum corticosterone (R= 0.22, P Value= 0.54), respectively. On the other hand, depend (1 CD) showed positive correlations in the Hypo-C group between serum omentin-1 and both serum insulin (R= 0.54, P Value= 0.11) and serum corticosterone (R= 0.6, P Value= 0.07), respectively.Table-2 Serum omentin-1 (ng/ml), glucose (mg/dl), Insulin (IU/ml), HOMA-IR, ACTH (ng/ml), Corticosterone (nmol/L) among different groupsControlHyper-CHypo-CCorticosterone (nmol/L)36.041.2296.372.52a8.080.32abACTH (ng/ml)46.751.226.150.84a77.11.53abGlucose (mg/dl)96.91.5237.810.4a72.22.2bcInsulin (IU/ml)2.150.074.880.16a1.280.1abHOMA-IR0.510.012.880.17a0.250.02bdOmentin (ng/ml)210.3514.50.47a26.580.5abData was expressed as MeanSEM. a P0.05 in comparison to the control group.Figure-1 Correlations between serum omentin-1 (ng/ml) and insulin (IU/ml) in Hyper-C group (A), serum omentin-1 (ng/ml) and corticosterone (nmol/l) in Hyper-C group (B), serum omentin-1 (ng/ml) and insulin (IU/ml) in Hypo-C group (C), serum omentin-1 (ng/ml) and corticosterone (nmol/l) in Hypo-C group (D). R, is the correlation coefficient. P Value, for the correlation, is considered significant when its value is 0.05.DiscussionThe results of th is study showed a significant increase in serum levels of corticosterone in Hyper-C group, but a significant decrease in its level in Hypo-C group in comparison to that in the control group. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in serum levels of ACTH in Hyper-C group, but a significant increase in its level in Hypo-C group in comparison to that in the control group. These results were back up by Zardooz, Rostamkhani et al. (2010) who stated that increased serum levels of corticosterone were accompanied a significant decrease in serum levels of ACTH. Regarding serum glucose and insulin, the results of this study showed a significant increase in both of them in Hyper-C group in comparison to that in the control group. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in serum glucose and insulin in Hypo-C group in comparison to that in the Hyper-C group. These results were support by Morgan, Sherlock et al. (2009), Purnell, Kahn et al. (2009) and Zardooz, Rostamkhan i et al. (2010) who found that increased serum levels of corticosterone significantly increased serum levels of both glucose and insulin as a result of increasing insulin resistance. Also, there was a significant increase in HOMA-IR in Hyper-C group, but, there was an insignificant decrease in it in the Hypo-C group in comparison to that in the control group. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in HOMA-IR in the Hypo-C group in comparison to that in the Hyper-C group. These results reflects relative incidence of insulin resistance in Hyper-C group which was supported by Nanda, Mahapatra et al. (2015) who stated that insulin resistance is considered when the normal response of the tissues to insulin action is reduced, especially at the muscles and adipose tissues level with a compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Moreover, the results of this study showed a significant decrease in serum level of omentin-1 in Hyper-C group in comparison to the control group. This result conf irmed that there is a link between omentin-1 and hyperglycemia as considered by Fu, Gong et al. (2004) who stated that, in the 1q22-q23 chromosomal region that was linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus, omentin gene was located. This was as well as supported by Yang, Lee et al. (2006), de Souza Batista, Yang et al. (2007), Tan, Adya et al. (2008), Yan, Liu et al. (2011), ElMesallamy, ElDerany et al. (2011) and Shibata, Ouchi et al. (2012) and Nanda, Mahapatra et al. (2015) who found that increased serum glucose and insulin levels significantly decreased the serum level of omentin-1. This is further supported by Kazama, Usui et al. (2012), Oswiecimska, Suwala et al. (2015), Du, Ji et al. (2016) and Arman, Kirna et al. (2017) who stated that serum omentin-1 is correlated negatively with blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. They explained this negative correlation by their results which declared that omentin-1 had adiponectin-like actions. On the other hand, the results of this study show ed a significant increase in serum omentin-1 in Hypo-C group in comparison to that in both control and Hyper-C groups. This result was supported by Moreno-Navarrete, Cataln et al. (2010) and Saremi, Asghari et al. (2010) who found that omentin-1 serum level was increased by weight loss in obese patients. Also, the present study results declared a negative correlation between serum level of omentin-1 and that of both corticosterone and insulin in the Hyper-C group. These results confirmed that there was a negative relationship between serum omentin-1 level and insulin resistance which was supported by de Souza Batista, Yang et al. (2007) and Tan, Adya et al. (2008) who found that serum level of omentin-1 was correlated negatively with insulin resistance and they explained this relation by the positive correlation between serum level of omentin-1 and that of adiponectin. This is also was supported by Yang, Lee et al. (2006), Grsoy, Krnap et al. (2010), CTOI, SUCIU et al. (2014), Herde r, Ouwens et al. (2015) and Chen, Shang et al. (2017) who found that, in adipose tissue, omentin has an insulin sensitizing action through increasing both insulin type transduction and insulin effects by stimulating glucose uptake in an insulin-mediated manner. Moreover, Herder, Ouwens et al. (2015) stated that omentin indirectly increased insulin sensitivity through adiponectin upregulation. Furthermore, Cai, Wei et al. (2009), Pan, Guo et al. (2010) and Nanda, Mahapatra et al. (2015) supported the incidence of insulin resistance with the decrease in serum omentin-1 levels as they found that in insulin resistance diabetic patients, the serum insulin level and HOMA-IR score were high while, serum omentin-1 level was low. On the other hand, the results of this study showed a significant increase in the final body weight in the Hyper-C group, but, a significant decrease in the final body weight in the Hypo-C group in comparison to that in the control group final body weight. These re sults were accompanied, as mentioned early, by a significant decrease in serum omentin-1 level in Hyper-C group, but a significant increase in its level in Hypo-C group in comparison to that in the control group. These finding were supported by Lee, Schnee et al. (2001) and Purnell, Kahn et al. (2009) who stated that excess of glucocorticoids significantly increased body weight. Also, Zhuang, Zhao et al. (2009), Xu, Huang et al. (2010), ElMesallamy, ElDerany et al. (2011) and Feng, Yuan et al. (2013) reported reduction in serum omentin-1 level with the increase in body weight. The significant changes in the final body weights in the Hyper-C and Hypo-C groups in comparison to the control group in the results of this study, may explain the possible link between glucocorticoids, omentin-1 and insulin resistance as corticosterone levels significantly affected final body weight which in turn affected serum level of omentin-1 and insulin resistance. These results were supported by Yang, L ee et al. (2006), de Souza Batista, Yang et al. (2007), Oswiecimska, Suwala et al. (2015) and Smitka and Maresova (2015) who stated that omentin expression in visceral adipose tissue is reduced in obesity and insulin resistance. Also, Oswiecimska, Suwala et al. (2015) considered omentin as a nutritional marker that reflected the body weight. From the above discussed results, it was clear that glucocorticoids may be one of the regulators for omentin-1 and changes in body weight accompanied the abnormal serum levels of glucocorticoids may explain that regulation. This may also give a new explanation for the changes in insulin resistance that occur with abnormal serum levels of glucocorticoids. Also, it confirmed the importance of body weight control on glucose homeostasis.Conclusion The results of this study may explain a novel mechanism by which glucocorticoids cause insulin resistance and this possibly through the regulation of serum level of omentin-1. Also, the results confirmed p resence of a link between serum levels of both glucocorticoids and omentin-1 which is mostly the change in body weight and this confirmed the importance of body weight control on glucose homeostasis. Further studied should be conducted to confirm these results.

Phen/Fen :: Drugs Weight Loss Obesity Health Essays

Phen/ fenland What is Phen/Fen and How Does it Work? Phen/fen is a popular do drugs sermon for obesity and binge feeding disorders. Two medications named phentermine (phen) and fenfluramine (fen) atomic number 18 taken together in order to work in a balanced devise on two of the luggage compartments neurotransmitters. Phentermine blocks the absorption of a neurotransmitter called dopamine. Dopomine is a stimulant that raises the bodys temperature and increases metabolous rate. The effect of this blockage is a decreased appetite and an increase in metabolic rate (http//www.ulink.net/-dtison/). Fenfluramine works on the nuerotransmitter called serotonin. change magnitude levels of serotonin make someone feel calm and full. Fenfluramine increases the levels of serotonin available for the body to use which tricks the body into sentiment fuller and decreasing ones appetite. The strength of the fen/phen protocol is that it permits regulation of each nuerotransmitter independently. Were there to be an insuff iciency of dopomine, the phentermine (phen) window glass can be increased an excess of serotonin, the fenfluramine (fen) dose is tapered (http//www.fenphen.com/philosophy.html). Phen/fen regulates the bodys natural chemistry and keeps it in balance. By doing so, it eliminates psychological cravings for food, cuts down excessive hunger, and reduces depression-related ailments that result in eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia (http//www.fenphen.com/hope.html). The profit contains hundreds of web sets full of information on phen/fen along with advertisements for the treatment. But, it should be unders in any cased that they are not fat pills, as has been mentioned in some of the news media they do not absorb fat or block fat from entering the system. They do not alter ones genetic make-up, which can be a impart cause of obesity (http//kingsfans.com/wein.htm) Who Qualifies for Treatment? Phen/fen treatments are meant for people who have a BMI (bo dy mass index) of 28 or higher or are at least 20% over their ideal body weight (Anonymous, 1996). However, cases have been documented where people have been given the treatment who did not fit that criteria. For example, Teagan Clive (1997) reported in Joe Weiders Muscle and Fitness that she received the treatment although she was only 8% over her ideal body weight. The bottom line is that these companies are selling a output to make money, and they are not too concerned with peoples health. To see if you qualify for treatment, check out the Medical Weight Management web site (http//www.phenfen.com). The site has a place to fill in your measurements so that you can calculate your body mass index and find out if you can sign up.Phen/Fen Drugs Weight Loss Obesity Health EssaysPhen/Fen What is Phen/Fen and How Does it Work? Phen/fen is a popular drug treatment for obesity and binge eating disorders. Two medications named phentermine (phen) and fenfluramine (fen) are taken together in order to work in a balanced fashion on two of the bodys neurotransmitters. Phentermine blocks the absorption of a neurotransmitter called dopamine. Dopomine is a stimulant that raises the bodys temperature and increases metabolic rate. The effect of this blockage is a decreased appetite and an increase in metabolic rate (http//www.ulink.net/-dtison/). Fenfluramine works on the nuerotransmitter called serotonin. Increased levels of serotonin make someone feel calm and full. Fenfluramine increases the levels of serotonin available for the body to use which tricks the body into feeling fuller and decreasing ones appetite. The strength of the fen/phen protocol is that it permits regulation of each nuerotransmitter independently. Were there to be an insuff iciency of dopomine, the phentermine (phen) dose can be increased an excess of serotonin, the fenfluramine (fen) dose is tapered (http//www.fenphen.com/philosophy.html). Phen/fen regulates the bodys natural chemistry and keeps it i n balance. By doing so, it eliminates psychological cravings for food, cuts down excessive hunger, and reduces depression-related ailments that result in eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia (http//www.fenphen.com/hope.html). The internet contains hundreds of web sites full of information on phen/fen along with advertisements for the treatment. But, it should be understood that they are not fat pills, as has been mentioned in some of the news media they do not absorb fat or block fat from entering the system. They do not alter ones genetic make-up, which can be a contributing cause of obesity (http//kingsfans.com/wein.htm) Who Qualifies for Treatment? Phen/fen treatments are meant for people who have a BMI (body mass index) of 28 or higher or are at least 20% over their ideal body weight (Anonymous, 1996). However, cases have been documented where people have been given the treatment who did not fit that criteria. For example, Teagan Clive (1997) reported in Joe Weiders Mus cle and Fitness that she received the treatment although she was only 8% over her ideal body weight. The bottom line is that these companies are selling a product to make money, and they are not too concerned with peoples health. To see if you qualify for treatment, check out the Medical Weight Management web site (http//www.phenfen.com). The site has a place to fill in your measurements so that you can calculate your body mass index and find out if you can sign up.

What is the role of Owen in Translations? :: English Literature

What is the role of Owen in Translations?One of the first things Owen says on returning to Baile Beg is Icant believe it. I come back after six years and everythings justas it was Nothings changed It is unfeignedly Owen who has changed intoa different person after his time away from Baile Beg. His primaryrole in the coquet is that of a translator for the visiting position, but at heart his role of translator he is also vital to the play as hispresence allows relationships between the characters and the plot todevelop.Owen provides many contrasting point of views due to the accompaniment that heis working for the English but also a Baile Beg resident. He is arepresentative of the to a greater extent forward - thinking Irish, such as himselfand Maire. He and Maire realise that for the natural progression ofthe Irish society they need to work with the English and not againstthem. Owen has passed the cultural divide that exists between theIrish and English because he can communicate with them and understandtheir point of view. He has also progressed as an individual throughknowledge and understanding. This could be Friels way of manifestation thatprogress can only come after understanding. Manus can also speak English but chooses not to, this shows theimportance of communication to progression. He prefers to use alanguage, which is becoming less widely used, this may be a symbol ofthe backwardness of his homeland. The most significant enemy in the re-naming of the places is that theIrish believe it to be a removal of their heritage and tradition, asManus says, Whats incorrect about the place names we have here?Owenss view on the idea of preservation of tradition is veryquestionable. For example when he and Yolland are discussing what tocall Tobair Vree he asks, do we keep piety with a man long dead, longforgotten, his name eroded beyond recognition, whose trivial littlestory nobody else in the parish remembers? Here Owen points to theIrish peoples almost insti nctive fear of change. He thinks thattradition is silly and just an excuse to hide from progression. Owenis the neutral and less passionate character in the play thereforethe audience find it easier to relate with Owen. In fact it ispossible to call Owen the chief narrator. Although Owen is the translator in the play he acts as more of abarrier of understanding because when translating for Yolland andLancey he omits details and changes meanings for words. A goodexample for this would be when he changes Maires sentence of Has he